Immunoglobulin Levels in Human Colostrum and Milk

Mickleson, K. N. P.; Moriarty, K. M.

doi:10.1097/00005176-198201030-00018

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…27 These observations for the macaques were likely due to the small number of macaque samples evaluated, the variability of immunoglobulin concentrations in outbred animals, and the differences in immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum and mature milk. 26 The predominate SIV-specific immunoglobulin in macaque milk was IgG. The lack of a robust SIV-specific IgA response in other mucosal compartments of macaques has been reported previously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Immunoglobulin concentrations varied considerably for the 14 animals; however, values were similar to ranges reported for normal macaques and HIV-seropositive humans. 23,25,26 Total plasma IgG levels did not change considerably from the day of inoculation through 4 months after inoculation in all female macaques. The concentration of IgG in milk, however, was higher at each of 4 monthly time points after inoculation, as compared with levels in seronegative macaques (P , 0.01 at all time points).…”

Section: Breast Milk Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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The Antibody Response to SIV in Lactating Rhesus Macaques

Rychert

Amedee

2005

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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As a model of breast milk transmission of HIV, we characterized humoral immune responses in the milk and plasma of 14 female rhesus macaques with suckling infants. Total immunoglobulin levels in plasma and milk were similar in all females and could not be correlated with transmission to the infant. These females, however, had elevated milk IgG levels and decreased milk IgA levels as compared with levels in seronegative controls. SIV envelope-specific antibody responses developed similarly in all females over the first 14-28 days after inoculation; however, 2 females had significantly lower titers by 98 days after inoculation. These females, characterized as rapid disease progressors, were the only animals to transmit SIV through breast-feeding during the period of acute viremia (14-21 days after inoculation). The remaining 12 females developed similar levels of high-avidity SIV envelope-specific IgG in plasma and low, but detectable, levels of IgA in milk. Despite similar quantities of antibody in milk, transmission of SIV through breast-feeding occurred in 8 of 12 mother-baby pairs during the chronic phase of disease. These observations are comparable with those for HIV-infected women and indicate that the SIV-macaque model provides a unique resource for deciphering the functional role of antibodies in breast milk transmission of HIV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Breast Milk Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The Antibody Response to SIV in Lactating Rhesus Macaques

Rychert

Amedee

2005

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…[29] As malnourished women have less IgA in their colostrum, [30] it is not surprising that the samples from our cohort had slightly lower levels of IgA than the samples from the above reports. [27-29] While no women in our study were underweight, they were from an impoverished region and may have had micronutrient deficiencies. HIV-infection may also contribute to alterations in IgA content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The geometric mean concentration of IgA in our unheated milk samples from the HIV-infected women was 0.40 mg/mL (arithmetic mean was 0.46 mg/mL) at a mean postpartum time of 15 weeks. Previously reported means are somewhat variable: 0.71 mg/mL at 10 weeks postpartum, [27] 0.50 mg/mL at 12 weeks, [28] and 0.57 mg/mL at a mean of 24 weeks. [29] As malnourished women have less IgA in their colostrum, [30] it is not surprising that the samples from our cohort had slightly lower levels of IgA than the samples from the above reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Flash-Heat Treatment on Immunoglobulins in Breast Milk

Chantry

Israel‐Ballard

Moldoveanu

et al. 2009

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background Heat-treated expressed breastmilk is recommended by WHO as an option to reduce vertical HIV transmission in resource poor regions. Flash-heat (FH) is a low technology pasteurization method developed for home use, but its effect on quantity and quality of breastmilk immunoglobulins is unknown. Objective To evaluate FH's effect on breastmilk immunoglobulin levels and antigen binding capacity. Design/Methods Fifty HIV+ mothers in South Africa provided breastmilk. Part of each sample served as an unheated (UH) control; the remainder was Flash-heated. Total and antigen-specific IgA and IgG were measured by ELISA. Paired t-test was performed on log transformed data. Results FH significantly decreased total IgA and IgG concentrations [geometric mean (geometric sd) 318.0 (1.9) vs. 398.2 (1.9) mcg/mL and 89.1 (2.7) vs. 133.3 (2.5) mcg/mL, p<0.001 each]. Similar decreases in anti-HIV-1 gp120 IgG, anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide and anti-poliovirus IgA occurred (p<0.001 each). Although the latter was most affected, FH retained 66% of the antigen binding ability. In contrast, binding capacity of IgA and IgG to influenza increased after FH (p=0.029 and 0.025 respectively). Conclusions Most breastmilk immunoglobulin activity survives FH, suggesting Flash-heated breastmilk is immunologically superior to breastmilk substitutes. Clinical significance of this decreased immunoglobulin activity needs evaluation in prospective trials.

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“…While the relative proportions of immunoglobulins remain fairly constant, the absolute load of IgG likely falls to a nadir between 1 and 2 weeks postpartum, with levels steady thereafter. The value of this decline seems to be variable, but significant declines of 90% have been demonstrated in studies [17, 21]. However, another study did not show IgG levels dropping postpartum but instead remaining constant [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-K1 (Kell) Antibody Expressed in Maternal Breastmilk: A Case Report of a Neonate with Multiple Intrauterine Transfusions and Postnatal Exposure to Kell Antibody in Maternal Breastmilk

DeMoss

Asfour

Hersey

2017

Case Reports in Pediatrics

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Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is a common consideration in newborn medicine, especially among the jaundiced. Maternal breastmilk provides numerous benefits to the infant, including nutrition and immunologic factors. Here, we present an infant who received three intrauterine transfusions for anemia secondary to anti-K1 (Kell), anti-C, and anti-e antibodies and whose maternal breastmilk tested positive for anti-Kell antibodies. The infant required another transfusion at 4 weeks of life for anemia. We review the pathophysiology of anti-Kell antibodies, the immunology of breast milk, and the intersection of these two topics.

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Immunoglobulin Levels in Human Colostrum and Milk

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

The Antibody Response to SIV in Lactating Rhesus Macaques

The Antibody Response to SIV in Lactating Rhesus Macaques

Effect of Flash-Heat Treatment on Immunoglobulins in Breast Milk

Anti-K1 (Kell) Antibody Expressed in Maternal Breastmilk: A Case Report of a Neonate with Multiple Intrauterine Transfusions and Postnatal Exposure to Kell Antibody in Maternal Breastmilk

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