Immunoglobulin Levels and Gestational Age

Papadatos, C.; Papaevangelou, G.; Alexiou, D; Mendris, J.

doi:10.1159/000240202

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It was interesting to find that, like Yeung and Hobbs (1968), within a pair of twins IgG was unrelated to birthweight. Though most workers are agreed that gestational age is the more important determinant, several have found some correlation with birthweight in singletons (Hobbs and Davis, 1967;Berg, 1968;Jones, 1969;Hautala and Kunnas, 1970;and Papadatos et al, 1970) and particularly in those infants whose weight lay below the 10th centile for gestational age (Yeung and Hobbs, 1968;Papadatos et al, 1969). But this has not been a constant finding (Addy, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy.

Bryan¹,

Slavin²,

Nicholson³

1976

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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(1976). Archives The three cases of fetofetal transfusion syndrome were exceptional in the large difference between IgG concentrations in recipient and donor twins. The discrepancy was much greater than that found between the levels of proteins produced by the fetus, suggesting a disturbance in maternofetal placental transfer.IgM was detected in all cord sera, with one exception, and the level was not related to order of birth. IgA was detected in 16% of cord sera, 13% in sera from first borns. IgE was detected in only 8% of cord sera and there was no evidence of placental transfer.For several centuries it has been recognized that the human infant has a surprising resistance to some infections during the first months of life. That this is due to the transfer of immunity from mother to fetus was first shown by Fischl and Wundcheim (1895) when they isolated diphtheria antitoxin from human umbilical cord blood. Since then the subject of maternofetal transfer of immunity has been extensively studied and it is now well known that it is the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies which cross the placenta and that, in the human newborn, IgG is almost entirely of maternal origin. Much is still unknown about the regulation of maternofetal transfer of IgG and we hoped that further light might be shed on the subject by studying the pattern of immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy. Our interest was further stimulated on finding a large intrapair difference in cord serum IgG concentration in 2 male infants suffering from the fetofetal transfusion syndrome (Bryan and Slavin, 1974).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum immunoglobulins in multiple pregnancy.

Bryan¹,

Slavin²,

Nicholson³

1976

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…During the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, serum IgG levels increase in the fetus by the transfer of maternal IgG across the placenta (1-4). At birth, IgG levels are directly proportional to gestational age (4,5). In a study by Hobbs and Davis (4), nearly all infants 32 wk gestation or less had serum IgG levels below 400 mg/dl at birth, compared with mean levels of approximately 1000 mg/dl in term infants (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of The Immune System in Very Low Birth Weight (Less than 1500 g) Premature Infants: Concentrations of Plasma Immunoglobulins and Patterns of Infections

Ballow¹,

Cates²,

Rowe

et al. 1986

Pediatr Res

256

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ABSTRACT. Plasma immunoglobulin concentrations of premature infants of birth weight less than 1500 g were measured longitudinally from birth to 10 months chronological age. Infants were divided into two groups based on gestational age (group I: 25-28 wk; group 11: 29-32 wk). In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgG levels correlated with gestational age ( r = 0.5, p < 0.001). At 3 months chronological age, the geometric mean plasma IgG levels were 60 mg/dl in group I and 104 mg/dl in group I1 infants. Most infants remained hypogammaglobulinemic at 6 months with seven of 11 infants in group I and 13 of 21 infants in group I1 having plasma IgG levels below 200 mgldl. In the 1st wk of life, plasma IgM concentrations were 7.6 and 9.1 mgldl in groups I and 11, respectively. They rose to 41.8 and 34.7 by 8 to 10 months of life. Plasma IgA concentrations were comparable for groups I and I1 in the 1st wk of life (1.2 and 0.6 mg/dl, respectively), but at 1 month of age group I infants had a transient increase in IgA which was not seen in the group I1 infants (4.5 versus 1.9 mgldl, respectively, p < 0.02). This transient elevation in IgA did not correlate with type or route of feeding or amounts of transfused blood. Group I and group I1 infants had comparable rates of infections prior to discharge from the nursery ( p = 0.27). After discharge, the 43 preterm infants followed until 10 months chronological age had a significantly higher incidence of infections than 41 term infants ( p = 0.04). In addition, the preterm infants had more lower respiratory infections after discharge than term infants (14 versus 2, p = 0.003), and were rehospitalized more often for infection (8 versus 0, p = 0.01). Despite severe prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia, none of the preterm infants had bacteremic illness after discharge from the nursery. This study provides normal age-group immunoglobulin values for the first 10 months of life in very small premature infants. The lack of invasive bacterial infections in this small group of preterm infants after discharge from the nursery suggests that further studies will be necessary to determine whether the hypogammaglobulinemia places these very low birth weight infants at risk for serious infection. (Pediatr Res 20:899-904, 1986) Abbreviations VLBW, very low birth weight NICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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“…Low concentrations of IgG have been reported in obviously premature infants (Hobbs and Davis, 1967;Papadatos et al, 1969). With advancing gestational age these levels tend to rise and a linear relation has been shown to exist between IgG concentration and gestational age (Yeung and Hobbs, 1968;Papadatos et al, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With advancing gestational age these levels tend to rise and a linear relation has been shown to exist between IgG concentration and gestational age (Yeung and Hobbs, 1968;Papadatos et al, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%