Immunoglobulin G Subclass Deficiencies

Söderström, T; Söderström, R; Avanzini, Maria Antonietta; Brandtzæg, Per; Karlsson, Göran; Hanson, Lars Å.

doi:10.1159/000234258

Cited by 50 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The percentages of total IgG represented by IgG1 (52.7%) and IgG3 (4.4%) were also lower than the range in normal adult sera (60.3 to 71.5% and 5.0 to 8.4%, respectively) (8). The concentration of IgG2 (3.35 mg/ ml) was within the established range for normal adult sera with a dynamic range of 2.0 to 6.0 mg/ml (2,8,22,36), but the IgG2 percentage of total IgG (39.4%) was higher than the established range (19.4 to 31.0%) (8). The AVR414 standard reference serum pool contains anti-PA-specific IgG of all four subclasses, with concentrations of PA-specific IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 being the highest (55.5, 24.6, and 17.6% of total anti-PA IgG) and the concentration of IgG3 being the lowest (2.2% of total anti-PA IgG).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Mass Value Assignment of Total and Subclass Immunoglobulin G in a Human Standard Anthrax Reference Serum

Semenova

Steward‐Clark

Stamey

et al. 2004

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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An anti-Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (anti-AVA) standard human reference serum pool, AVR414, has been prepared, and the total and protective antigen (PA)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were quantified. AVR414 was prepared by plasmapheresis of healthy adults who had received a minimum of four subcutaneous injections of AVA. Mass values (in milligrams per milliliter) for total IgG and IgG subclasses 1 to 4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Anti-PA-specific IgG assignment (in micrograms per milliliter) was done by consensus of two complementary approaches: homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with affinity-purified anti-PA IgG as a calibrator and summation of mean PA-specific IgG subclass concentrations determined by IgG subclass-specific ELISA using the United States National Reference Preparation for Human Serum Proteins as a standard. The total IgG concentration assigned to AVR414 reference serum was 8.33 mg/ml. IgG subclass concentrations were the following: for IgG1, 4.48 mg/ml; for IgG2, 3.35 mg/ml; for IgG3, 0.37 mg/ml; and for IgG4, 0.30 mg/ml. The assigned mass value for total anti-PA-specific IgG was 141.2 g/ml. Anti-PA-specific IgG subclass concentrations were the following: for IgG1, 79.6 g/ml; for IgG2, 35.3 g/ml; for IgG3, 3.2 g/ml; and for IgG4, 25.3 g/ml. Human reference serum pool AVR414 will have direct application in the standardization of anthrax serological assays, in reagent qualification, and as a standard for quantification of PA-specific IgG in humans who have been vaccinated with or otherwise exposed to Bacillus anthracis PA.The immune response to anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) is central to protection against anthrax (19,20). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant immunoglobulin in human serum and provides the dominant immune response to protein antigens after vaccination with multiple injections (16, 16a). Measurement of anti-PA IgG antibody is therefore an appropriate marker of human immune responses to Bacillus anthracis infection and anthrax vaccines. A lack of assay standardization and qualified reagents has been a major obstacle to the comparative analysis of human serological responses to clinical anthrax and anthrax vaccines. Compounding this problem are variations in antigen selection, preparation, and purity; variations in assay methodology and end point determination between laboratories; the diversity of antibodies in polyclonal serum; and the absence of a suitable standard reference serum (32). In 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Atlanta, Ga.) initiated the Anthrax Vaccine Research Program to determine the feasibility of reducing the number of priming series doses of the licensed Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA or BioThrax; BioPort Corp., Lansing, Mich.) (17,26,27) from six to three and changing the route of administration from subcutaneous (s.c.) to intramuscular (28) without reducing the vaccine's immunogenicity. The Anthrax Vaccine Research Program required the development of precise, accurate, specific, and sensiti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Mass Value Assignment of Total and Subclass Immunoglobulin G in a Human Standard Anthrax Reference Serum

Semenova

Steward‐Clark

Stamey

et al. 2004

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…An over-representation of IgG 3 deficiency has previously been reported in patients with recurrent respiratory infections [29,30], but it appears to be more common among nonsmoking patients than among smokers with CB and recurrent infectious exacerbations [30]. In studies of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), IgG 1 and IgG 2 deficiencies seem to be more frequent than IgG 3 deficiency [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological findings in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic bronchitis patients with recurrent infectious exacerbations

Qvarfordt

Riise²,

Larsson³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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Tobacco smoking induces profound immunological and inflammatory changes, both in the airways and systemically. Smoking impairs host defences and increases susceptibility to infection [1,2].The literature on the effects of smoking on the immune system is extensive and has been reviewed by several authors [2][3][4]. Evidence of a considerable influence on both humoral and cell-mediated immunity has been presented. Decreased serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, mainly IgG, have been reported in smokers [5,6]. Data concerning immediate skin reactivity to common allergens [7,8] as well as specific antibody responses to inhaled antigens [9] and vaccinations [10], indicate depressed immune responses in smokers. There are several reports of decreased activity of natural killer (NK-) cells, both from peripheral blood [11,12] and the lung [13]. Results from functional studies of circulating T-lymphocytes are conflicting, with reports of increased [14], unchanged [15] and decreased [16,17] responses to mitogenic stimulation in vitro. Alterations in immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets with a decreased fraction of helper/inducer and an increased fraction of cytotoxic/suppressor cells have been reported, both locally in the lung [18], and in the peripheral circulation [19,20].Bronchial infections are common in smokers [2], but why only some smokers develop problems with repeated bronchial infections is largely unknown. Hypothetically, smokers prone to bronchial infections might differ immunologically from smokers without this disposition. To our knowledge, there are no studies addressing this issue in which smoking habits of study and control groups have been taken fully into account.Since the disposition for bronchial infections in smokers seems to be related to the presence of chronic bronchitis (CB) [21], a state of chronic mucus hypersecretion [22], and appear in the form of recurrent infectious exacerbations, patients with CB prone to infectious exacerbations were chosen for the study group. We decided to analyse most of the immunological parameters known or thought A significantly (p<0.05) lower level of IgG 3 was found in the CB group, and a significantly (p<0.01) higher proliferative response of PBMCs was found in the CB group after stimulation with diphtheria toxoid. Detectable levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ, but not of IL-2, IL-4 or transforming growth factor-β2, were found in supernatants from cultured cells in both study groups. Stimulated TNF-α production was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the CB group. NK-cell activity did not differ significantly between the study groups. There were no major differences between the groups in lymphocyte subpopulations in blood or BAL.In conclusion, no major alterations in the analysed indices of cell-mediated and humoral immunity were found in patients with chronic bronchitis prone to recurrent infectious exacerbations when compared with asymptomatic smoking controls. Eur Respir J 1998; 11: 46-54.

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“…27 Furthermore, studies of patients with IgG subclass deficiency have shown that IgG2 deficiency occurs more frequently in children whereas IgG3 deficiency is seen more frequently in adults. 28 We rarely see adolescent or adult patients with chronic sinusitis and IgG subclass deficiency and/or specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency. The immune deviations found in our patients probably are related more to an immunological maturational delay than a true immune deficiency.…”

Section: Munoglobulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children with Chronic Sinusitis: Assessment of Outcome Predictors

Gandhi¹,

Brodsky²,

Ballow³

1993

allergy asthma proc

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Eighty-six children with chronic sinusitis, documented by x-ray with symptoms and signs for more than 12 weeks, were evaluatedfor atopy and B-cell immune abnormalities. Twentynine percent (25/86) of the patients had some B-cell abnormality of immunoglobulin isotype, IgG subclass, and/or hyporesponsiveness to pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) vaccine (Pneumovax). Eleven of 17 patients who were hyporesponsive to PPS vaccine had normal immunoglobulin isotypes and IgG subclasses. Twenty-six of these 86 children were followed prospectivelyfor~1 year on prophylactic antibiotics. The 12-month period befOret~e use of prophylactic antibiotics was taken as:the control period for each child for comparison. Nineteen oj 26 (74%) children had a good outcome (greater than a 50% reducti~n in the number of exacerbations of sinusitis during a I2-month period compared with the previous year) on prophylactic antibiotics with a reduction in exacerbations of sinusitis Jrom 9.8 per year to 2.7 episodes per year.In contrast, 7/26 had a poor outcome (p < .0001) on prophylactic antibiotics ([rom 12.6 per year to 8.7 per year on prophylactic antibiotics). There were no significant differences in age, gender, atopy, or presence of a B-cell immune abnorFrom the

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Immunoglobulin G Subclass Deficiencies

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Mass Value Assignment of Total and Subclass Immunoglobulin G in a Human Standard Anthrax Reference Serum

Mass Value Assignment of Total and Subclass Immunoglobulin G in a Human Standard Anthrax Reference Serum

Immunological findings in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic bronchitis patients with recurrent infectious exacerbations

Benefits of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children with Chronic Sinusitis: Assessment of Outcome Predictors

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