Immunoglobulin G response and performance in Holstein calves supplemented with garlic powder and probiotics

Abstract

<jats:p>The study evaluated the effects of garlic, probiotics, and in combination on levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and growth performance in new-born Holstein calves. Thirty-two Holstein calves were randomly allocated to treatments at four days old and were maintained on them until they were 42 days old. The treatments consisted of control (C), garlic powder at 5 g/calf/day (GA), probiotics at 4 g/calf/day (PB), and the combination of garlic and probiotics (GP). Bodyweight, body length and heart girth measurements were taken to determine growth and blood was drawn to determine glucose and IgG. Faecal score and body temperature were recorded daily. Calves in GA and GP had higher IgG levels than calves in C and PB (28.0 g/L and 27.5 g/L versus 23.5 g/L and 25.5 g/L, respectively). Calves in GP and PB groups had lower faecal scores than C and GA (2.1 and 2.1 versus 2.3 and 2.2, respectively). Supplementation of GA, PB, and in combination did not affect feed intake and growth performance negatively, but improved serum IgG levels. Higher serum IgG in GP may indicate an improved intake and utilisation of nutrients that are responsible for immunity modulation and regulation. Probiotics and their combinations with garlic have the potential to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea when fed to young calves.&#x0D; Keywords: dairy neonates, direct-fed microbes, natural herb</jats:p>

Dietary Moringa oleifera Alters Periparturient Plasma and Milk Biochemical Indicators and Promotes Productive Performance in Goats

“…The diet manipulation with phytobiotics (plant-derived feed additives) has been proposed to be an effective approach in managing nutrition-induced oxidative stress during pregnancy and lactation in both small and large ruminants (11)(12)(13)(14). Some herbal plants have medicinal values and are nutritionally important to enhance the health status and reproductive performance of goats.…”

Antioxidant Strategies to Improve Female Reproduction

“…The quality of the colostrum depends upon maternal nutrition [59,60]. The diet supplemented with phytobiotics has been assumed to be the main source of managing nutrition-induced oxidative stress in pregnancy and lactation in livestock [45,46,61]. In a recent study by Ali et al, (2022) using 2% and 3.5% M. oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) during periparturient period.…”

Biologically active compounds of plant origin in medicine

“…They also promote detoxification of the organism and improve absorption of nutrients from feed [Santos et al 2015, Froehlich et al 2017. Essential oils, pigments (carotenoids and anthocyanins), alkaloids, glycosides, phenolic acids, phytosterols, and flavonoids contained in medicinal plants stimulate the immune system, improve blood circulation, increase appetite, stimulate digestion, and exert anti-inflammatory [Kekana et al 2020], antimicrobial [Di Pasqua et al 2006], and antioxidant effects.…”

“…Allicin contained in the plant has been shown to exert anti-diarrhoeal effects by reduction of the number of faecal coliform bacteria [Ghosh et al 2011]. The immunomodulatory activity of Allium sativum L. may also support immune defence in immunocompromised calves [Kekana et al 2020].…”