Immunoglobulin and Histamine-Sensitivity Response of Mice to Live Bordetella pertussis

Abstract

Mice injected intranasally (it.n.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a nonlethal dose (2.5 x 105 colony-forming units) of live Bordetella pertussis were examined for 50 days for infection, respiratory tract immunoglobulins (Ig), changes in serum Ig, and histamine sensitivity. With mice infected it.n., respiratory infection markedly declined between day 20 and day 30. Ig classes (A, Gl, G25, G2b, but no M), which had specificity for B. pertussis, were present in tracheobronchial wash (TBW) by day 15; by day 50, TBW immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic precipitin bands were more intense. A sharp rise in serum IgA after day 30 was the only significant change relative to controls among the five serum Ig examined. A high degree of histamine sensitivity developed by day 15 to 20 and persisted for the 50 days. With mice inoculated i.p., no bacteria were recovered, no Ig or only traces were found in TBW and IgA only was specific, and no significant changes in the serum Ig relative to controls occurred. Histamine sensitivity developed somewhat more slowly and to a lesser degree than in it.n.-injected mice but persisted for the 50 days. A similar small number of killed bacteria (pertussis vaccine) injected it.n. or i.p. likewise induced slowly developing histamine sensitivity in contrast to published reports of 4 to 5 day peak sensitivity and decline following i.p. injection of 109 or more killed bacteria.

Construction and characterization in vivo of Bordetella pertussis aroA mutants

“…BP1 and BP1 aroA behaved in a similar manner (results not shown). The parental strain, after an initial drop in numbers during the first day, multiplied to reach 105 to 106 CFU in the lung 11 days postchallenge (Fig. 2).…”

“…This indicates that local factors are responsible for clearing bacteria from the lungs of nonimmune mice. Geller and Pittman (11) detected B. pertussis-specific immunoglobulins, predominantly IgA, in the tracheobronchial washings of intranasally infected mice 15 days after infection. The only change in the serum immunoglobulin profile was a change in serum IgA (the specificity of which was not determined) 30 days after the initiation of infection.…”

Responses of mice immunized with influenza virus by serosol and parenteral routes

“…In four replicate trials where SPA were generated with the Collison spray apparatus, the mean median diameter was 1.83 ,m with an average geometric standard deviation of 1.92. Particle size distribution varied little among trials and was limited to sizes that would escape upper respiratory impingement and penetrate to the bronchioles and alveolar sacs; 94% of the aerosol mass was contained in particles with diameters of 5 ,um or less, and 82% was contained in particles less than 3 ,um in diameter. The average mean median diameter for nine aerosols generated with the spinning top disseminator was 10.4 ,um with a mean geometric standard deviation of 1.22.…”

“…Fluorescent antibody procedures. The ability of immunoglobulins in BAW to bind specifically with influenza virus-infected cells was examined using a modification of precedures described by Geller and Pittman (5). Monolayers of influenza-infected Vero cells were layered with BAW obtained from infected mice at selected intervals after infection.…”

In vitro inhibition of murine macrophage migration by Bordetella pertussis lymphocytosis-promoting factor

“…For example, administration of LPF sensitizes mice to the lethal effects of histamine (30,31,52), induces leukocytosis and lymphocytosis (30,31), enhances the release of insulin (52), inhibits epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia (30,52), and is an immunological adjuvant (2,31). Mice with respiratory infections show leukocytosis, histamine sensitization, and enhanced insulin release (15,38,40). Humans with pertussis have a marked lymphocytosis and leukocytosis (37,49), and attenuation of epinephrineinduced hyperglycemia has been observed (3).…”