Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer

Kakkassery, Helen; Carpenter, Esme; Patten, Piers; Irshad, Sheeba

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2022.07.006

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…However, it's important to emphasize that our healthy cohort samples were collected from a different demographic location (Italy) than the patient cohort (Denmark). Although, prior studies have shown comparable vaccine-induced humoral responses for healthy individuals and hematological patients from these two locations (40,41). Overall, the majority of studies have shown substantially lower humoral response in hematological cancer patients compared to healthy individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Three doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine establish long-lasting CD8+ T cell immunity in CLL and MDS patients

et al. 2023

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Patients with hematological malignancies are prioritized for COVID-19 vaccine due to their high risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection-related disease and mortality. To understand T cell immunity, its long-term persistence, and its correlation with antibody response, we evaluated the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-specific immune response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and myeloid dysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Longitudinal analysis of CD8+ T cells using DNA-barcoded peptide-MHC multimers covering the full SARS-CoV-2 Spike-protein (415 peptides) showed vaccine-specific T cell activation and persistence of memory T cells up to six months post-vaccination. Surprisingly, a higher frequency of vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cells was observed in the patient group compared to a healthy donor group. Furthermore, and importantly, immunization with the second booster dose significantly increased the frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells as well as the total number of T cell specificities. Altogether 59 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-derived immunogenic responses were identified, of which 23 established long-term CD8+ T cell memory response with a strong immunodominance for NYNYLYRLF (HLA-A24:02) and YLQPRTFLL (HLA-A02:01) epitopes. In summary, we mapped the vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and showed a booster-specific activation and enrichment of memory T cells that could be important for long-term disease protection in this patient group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Three doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine establish long-lasting CD8+ T cell immunity in CLL and MDS patients

et al. 2023

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“…CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes (Th) support potent B-cell activation and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells and have been identified as directly controlling antibody responses and mediating an adjuvant activity ( 6 ). Recent reports have highlighted the discordance of the humoral response with T cell responses after COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients in contrast to healthy controls, where responses are better coordinated ( 33 ). Furthermore, many studies have found that decreased magnitudes of T cell responses in cancer patients compared to healthy controls can be observed by quantification of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) using enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays or using flow-cytometry to detect T cell quantification assays or cytokine-producing T cells ( 34 , 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term safety and immunogenicity of inactivated and peptide-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with endocrine-related cancer

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the short-term safety and immunogenicity of inactivated and peptide-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with endocrine-related cancer (ER).MethodsEighty-eight patients with ER cancer and 82 healthy controls who had completed a full course of inactivated or peptide-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were recruited. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Responses to receptor-binding domain IgG antibody (anti-RBD-IgG), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and RBD+ memory B cells (MBCs) were evaluated.ResultsApproximately 26.14% (23/88) of patients with ER cancer reported AEs within 7 days, which was comparable to that reported by healthy controls (24.39%, 20/82). Both the overall seroprevalence of anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs was obviously lower in the cancer group (70.45% vs. 86.59%, P < 0.05; 69.32% vs. 82.93%, P < 0.05, respectively). Anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs titers exhibited similar results, and dropped gradually over time. Patients with ongoing treatment had an attenuated immune response, especially in patients receiving active chemotherapy. The frequency of overall RBD+ MBCs was similar between the two groups, but the percentage of active MBCs was remarkably reduced in patients with ER cancer. Unlike antibody titers, MBCs responses were relatively constant over time.ConclusionInactivated and peptide-based COVID-19 vaccines were well tolerated, but with lower immunogenicity for ER cancer patients. More intensive antibody monitoring and timely booster immunization is recommended for patients with ER cancer presenting disordered subpopulations of RBD+ MBCs.

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“…In response to the viral pandemic, several vaccines have been proposed, including novel mRNA vaccines, which have a high efficacy of over 90% [ 3 , 4 ]. To date, vaccination represents the key preventative strategy against SARS-CoV-2, but it might be associated with a suboptimal immune response in immunocompromised subjects, including cancer patients, in comparison to the general population [ 5 , 6 ]. Both B- and T-cell-mediated immune responses are elicited by vaccination and involve different mechanisms, including the production of neutralizing antibodies and the elimination of infected cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Immune Response Elicited by Three Doses of mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of Patients with Solid Tumors: A One-Year Follow-Up

Lasagna

Cassaniti

Arena

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The role and durability of the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against severe acute respiratory virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in cancer patients one year after receiving the third dose have to be elucidated. We have prospectively evaluated the long-term immunogenicity of the third dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in 55 patients undergoing active treatment. Neutralizing antibody (NT Ab) titers against Omicron variants and total anti-trimeric S IgG levels were measured one year after the third dose. Heparinized whole-blood samples were used for the assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). Thirty-seven patients (67.3%) showed positive total anti-trimeric S IgG one year after the third dose. Looking at the T-cell response against the spike protein, the frequency of responder patients did not decrease significantly between six and twelve months after the third dose. Finally, less than 20% of cancer patients showed an undetectable NT Ab titer against BA.1 and BA.5 variants of concern (VOCs). Underlying therapies seem to not affect the magnitude or frequency of the immune response. Our work underlines the persistence of humoral and cellular immune responses against BNT162b2 in a cohort of cancer patients one year after receiving the third dose, regardless of the type of underlying therapy.

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Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer

Cited by 16 publications

References 118 publications

Three doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine establish long-lasting CD8+ T cell immunity in CLL and MDS patients

Three doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine establish long-lasting CD8+ T cell immunity in CLL and MDS patients

Short-term safety and immunogenicity of inactivated and peptide-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with endocrine-related cancer

Persistence of Immune Response Elicited by Three Doses of mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of Patients with Solid Tumors: A One-Year Follow-Up

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