Immunogenicity and Immunological Memory Induced by the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Followed by the 23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine in HIV-Infected Adults

Farmaki, Paraskevi; Chini, Maria; Mangafas, Nikolaos; Tzanoudaki, Marianna; Piperi, Christina; Lazanas, Marios Z; Spoulou, Vana

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy135

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[17][18][19] Furthermore, in HIV-infected adults, PPV23 given one year after PCV13 improved PCV13 immunogenicity but in contrast, had a negative effect on immunological memory induced by PCV13 by reducing the amounts of memory B-cells. 23 Similar findings have been reported where PPV23 given after PCV depletes immunological memory. Longer intervals between pneumococcal vaccinations diminish this hyporesponsiveness and are beneficial for immunogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Antibody response to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine after conjugate vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Lindström

Aittoniemi

Salmenniemi

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) given alone is ineffective in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and better antibody response is achieved with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). In this study, we determine whether CLL patients would achieve a significant antibody response and broaden their serotype coverage against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) with PPV23 given five years after the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). A total of 24 patients with CLL and eight controls were vaccinated with PPV23 five years after PCV7. Blood samples for evaluation of antibody response to PCV7 serotypes and PPV23 serotypes 5 and 7 were taken before vaccination and one month after it. Post-vaccination samples were available from 20 patients. IgG antibodies were measured with ELISA. Antibody concentrations after PPV23 were significantly lower in CLL patients for six of the PCV7 serotypes and for both PPV23 serotypes. Only 10% to 15% of CLL patients achieved an antibody response suggested to be protective against IPD. Hence, PCV7 given five years before PPV23 did not improve antibody response in patients with CLL. Based on our results, PPV23 given after a PCV primer is not useful against IPD in CLL patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Antibody response to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine after conjugate vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Lindström

Aittoniemi

Salmenniemi

et al. 2019

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…One technique for the detection of polysaccharide-specific B cells involves the biotinylation of pneumococcal polysaccharide (PS) antigens, which results in a biotin-PS conjugate [30,31]. This conjugate can be easily detected with an anti-biotin fluorochrome.…”

Section: Enumeration Of Human Antigen-specific Memory B Cells In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This PPV23-driven depletion of the MBC pool has been demonstrated in a small number of studies enumerating MBCs after PPV23 immunization (Table 2). In a recent study in HIV-infected adults, levels of IgM+ MBCs were significantly reduced following PPV23 vaccination [31]. In addition, in a study conducted in the UK, a dose of PPV23 resulted in a significant drop of serotype-specific MBCs in healthy adults and furthermore, MBC responses to subsequent immunization with PCV7, when given 6 months after PPV23, were attenuated [30].…”

Section: Memory B Cells Response To Pneumococcal Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been attributed to pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and previous pneumococcal disease [29,36,37]. Significant increases 7 days and one month post-immunization with a single dose of PCV have been reported among healthy adults [29], adults with various immunocompromising conditions [31,37,51] and the elderly [29,30,37]. Interestingly, the levels of MBCs achieved post-immunization vary widely between different pneumococcal serotypes and thus may be affected by the immunogenicity of each antigen [29,37].…”

Section: Memory B Cells Response To Pneumococcal Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age-driven immunosenescence [57] as well as immunocompromising conditions, such as HIV and asplenia, also diminish the MBC response in comparison to healthy young adults [58,59,60]. The severity of immunodeficiency, such as CD4 depletion in HIV infection, also affects the MBC response to PCV, as it has been shown that HIV+ patients with CD4 count <400/μL had lower MBC numbers than those with CD4 >400/μL one month post-PCV13 [31].…”

Section: Memory B Cells Response To Pneumococcal Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Role of Serotype-Specific Immunological Memory in Pneumococcal Vaccination: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

2019

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae, pneumococcus) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Achieving long-term immunity against S. pneumoniae through immunization is an important public health priority. Long-term protection after immunization is thought to rely both on protective serum antibody levels and immunological memory in the form of antigen-specific memory B cells (MBCs). Although the ability to achieve protective antibody levels shortly after pneumococcal vaccination has been well documented for the various infant immunization schedules currently in use worldwide, the examination of immunological memory in the form of antigen-specific MBCs has been much more limited. Such responses are critical for long-term protection against pneumococcal colonization and disease. This review summarizes the published literature on the MBC response to primary or booster immunization with either pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) or pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), aiming to elucidate the immunological mechanisms that determine the magnitude and longevity of vaccine protection against pneumococcus. There is evidence that PCVs induce the production of antigen-specific MBCs, whereas immunization with PPV23 does not result in the formation of MBCs. Increased understanding of the immunological factors that facilitate the induction, maintenance and recall of MBCs in response to pneumococcal vaccination could enable the use of MBC enumeration as novel correlates of protection against S. pneumoniae. Ongoing studies that examine MBC response to pneumococcal vaccination in high burden settings will be extremely important in our understanding of long-term protection induced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

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Development of a novel flow cytometry method for detecting pneumococcal‐specific B cells

et al. 2022

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Antigen-specific B cell identification by flow cytometry is crucial for investigating their immunophenotype, subset distribution, and kinetics post-infection or immunization. Methods using biotinylated polysaccharide antigens have been described, but there is still room for improvement regarding sensitivity and applicability. The aim of this study was the development and validation of a multimer bead-based method for detecting pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes (PS)-specific B cells following pneumococcal immunization. PS was chemically biotinylated and mounted on anti-biotin beads, and labeled with phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated anti-biotin antibody to form a PS-multimer used for cell staining. Labeled beads were washed to remove excess fluorochrome and diminish nonspecific labeling and background noise. Optimal ratios of PS-bead conjugate to PE and PS-multimer to cells were determined with titration assays. Comparison between the PSmultimer and a PS-PE monomer revealed enhanced detection of PS-specific cells and considerable signal amplification, attributed to the multimeric form of the detection probe and increased availability of antigen epitopes. To validate the specificity of the method, a competition assay using unbound PS was performed. Following pre-incubation with increasing PS concentrations, detection of PS-specific B cells with the PS-multimer was inhibited in a stepwise manner. Pre-incubation with excess PS completely blocked the fluorescent signal. This novel bead-based flow cytometry approach is a sensitive method demonstrating high specificity. It generated enhanced signals, provided clear-cut results, and was easily applicable, not requiring B cell pre-enrichment. It could be modified to adapt other antigens of interest, especially polysaccharides and proteins that could be used to probe antigen-specific B cell responses. The study of such responses may elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the establishment of long-term protection, provide evidence-based rationale for improving currently available vaccines and vaccination strategies, and pave the way for future vaccine development.

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Immunogenicity and Immunological Memory Induced by the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Followed by the 23-Valent Polysaccharide Vaccine in HIV-Infected Adults

Abstract: NCT03041051.

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Antibody response to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine after conjugate vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Antibody response to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine after conjugate vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The Role of Serotype-Specific Immunological Memory in Pneumococcal Vaccination: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

Development of a novel flow cytometry method for detecting pneumococcal‐specific B cells

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