Immunogenicity and efficacy of          heterologous ChAdOx1–BNT162b2 vaccination

Abstract

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Heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses and T cell reactivity against prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants

“…Yet, this observation is in agreement with other studies 19 , 21 , 44 and suggests that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 / BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination elicits particularly potent immune responses. 17 , 18 , 45 As reported for homologous vaccinations, 46 titres also decrease over time after heterologous vaccination. However, they remained high for three months post boost suggesting robust durable protection.…”

“…Previous studies addressing heterologous vaccinations indicated that the Delta variant is equally sensitive to neutralization as Alpha. 22 , 23 , 45 We observed that in correlation with the IgM/IgG titres, neutralizing titres against Delta are decreasing over the course of 13-17 weeks but remain detectable in all analysed sera at the latest time points. This confirms a good prediction by IgM/IgG titres and indicates durable protection from the most prevalent Delta variant.…”

A protein subunit vaccine booster following two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provides high neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in mice

“… 1 , 2 , 3 A booster vaccination (third dose of vaccine) has been proposed and initiated in many countries; and a prime-boost sequential immunisation approach is thought to be beneficial. 4 …”

Mixing mRNA, adenoviral, and spike-adjuvant vaccines for protection against COVID-19

“…Several studies have addressed the efficacy and safety of this practice in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 Adding to this evidence base, an Article in The Lancet by Arabella Stuart and colleagues reports the findings of the Com-COV2 Study Group, a multicentre survey network of nine institutions in the UK. 10 …”

“…Although there are just a few randomised clinical trials in the literature involving heterologous vaccination schedules, many observational studies support the value of this approach, including studies of the ChAd/BNT, BNT/ChAd, ChAd/m1273, Ad26/Ad5, ChAd/BBV152, Coronavac/ChAd, Coronavac/Convidecia, and Ad26/BNT schedules. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 The baculovirus-derived NVX vaccine has been submitted to WHO for emergency use and its safety and efficacy have been documented, but randomised clinical trials are limited in number. 11 , 12 The NVX vaccine is produced in the baculovirus–insect cell system using the Wuhan sequence containing two prolines that stabilise trimer formation.…”