Immunogenicity after two and three doses of mRNA vaccine in patients with cancer treated with exclusive radiotherapy

Scoccianti, Silvia; Paoli, Camilla Delli; Infantino, María; Paoletti, L.; Caini, Saverio; Meacci, Francesca; Russo, S.; Esposito, Marco; Fondelli, S.; Leonulli, Barbara Grilli; Grossi, Valentina; Barca, R.; Alpi, P.; Furlan, Federica; Perna, Marco; Pino, Maria Simona; Martella, Francesca; Manfredi, Mariangela; Stefanacci, Marco; Bassetti, Andrea; Casprini, Patrizia; Fioretto, Luisa

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110460

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…This corresponds to the findings of surveys on the seroconversion in cancer patients, following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in temporal proximity to RT, who underwent onetime measurements. After two doses, there were seropositivity rates of 95% when immunized by a vector-based vaccine [ 27 ] and of 93.5% in those immunized by an mRNA vaccine [ 28 ]. There are no further studies directly comparing cohorts of pure RT and combined RT/CTh.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity Parameters of Cancer Patients Receiving the mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 While Obtaining Radiotherapy: A Longitudinal Cohort Evaluation

Thöne,

Egger,

Geroldinger-Simic

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Background: Cancer patients are highly prone to infectious diseases. While undergoing antineoplastic treatment, the risk of severe symptoms upon infection increases, necessitating efficient protective measures, such as vaccination. For patients receiving radiotherapy, there is no specific information about humoral immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, serial antibody measurements were therefore offered to cancer patients, following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination while obtaining radiotherapy. Methods: Out of 74 enrolled patients, 46 met the inclusion criteria. Two cohorts were allocated, depending on an association with chemotherapy or pure radiotherapy. An additional healthy control cohort of 16 healthcare workers was enrolled. All participants followed a two-fold BNT162b2 vaccine schedule. SARS-CoV-2 binding antibodies were measured serially in a 7-day cycle for 35 days and over the long-term, using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay. Results: Cancer patients under pure radiotherapy have a comparable humoral vaccination response and long-term persistency of antibodies to healthy controls. Patients receiving additional chemotherapy show a significantly delayed immune response and decreased antibody titers. The vaccine was well tolerated in all cohorts. Conclusions: Pure radiotherapy in cancer patients does not interfere with the vaccine-induced humoral immune response or other immunogenetic aspects, whereas previous or simultaneous chemotherapy does. Findings are of particular relevance for future epidemic or pandemic scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity Parameters of Cancer Patients Receiving the mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 While Obtaining Radiotherapy: A Longitudinal Cohort Evaluation

Thöne,

Egger,

Geroldinger-Simic

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Immune response of COVID-19 vaccines in solid cancer patients: A meta-analysis

Hua,

Fan,

Fan

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Solid cancer patients, compared to their healthy counterparts, are at a greater risk of contracting and suffering from severe complications and poorer prognosis after COVID-19 infections. They also have different immune responses after doses of COVID-19 vaccination, but limited evidence is available to reveal the effectiveness and help to guide immunization programs for this subpopulation; MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, and clinicaltrials.gov were used to search literature. The pooled seroconversion rate was calculated using a random-effects model and reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI); The review includes 66 studies containing serological responses after COVID-19 vaccination in 13,050 solid cancer patients and 8550 healthy controls. The pooled seropositive rates after the first dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 55.2% (95% CI 45.9%–64.5% N = 18) and 90.2% (95% CI 80.9%–96.6% N = 13), respectively. The seropositive rates after the second dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 87.6% (95% CI 84.1%–90.7% N = 50) and 98.9% (95% CI 97.6%-99.7% N = 35), respectively. The seropositive rates after the third dose in patients with solid cancer and healthy controls are 91.4% (95% CI 85.4%–95.9% N = 21) and 99.8% (95% CI 98.1%-100.0% N = 4), respectively. Subgroup analysis finds that study sample size, timing of antibody testing, and vaccine type have influence on the results; Seroconversion rates after COVID-19 vaccination are significantly lower in patients with solid malignancies, especially after the first dose, then shrinking gradually after the following two vaccinations, indicating that subsequent doses or a booster dose should be considered for the effectiveness of this subpopulation.

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Immunogenicity after two and three doses of mRNA vaccine in patients with cancer treated with exclusive radiotherapy

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Immunogenicity Parameters of Cancer Patients Receiving the mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 While Obtaining Radiotherapy: A Longitudinal Cohort Evaluation

Immunogenicity Parameters of Cancer Patients Receiving the mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 While Obtaining Radiotherapy: A Longitudinal Cohort Evaluation

Immune response of COVID-19 vaccines in solid cancer patients: A meta-analysis

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