Immunogenic Proteins of Group B Streptococcus—Potential Antigens in Immunodiagnostic Assay for GBS Detection

Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is an opportunistic pathogen, which asymptomatically colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract of up to one third of healthy adults. Nevertheless, GBS carriage in pregnant women may lead to several health issues in newborns causing life threatening infection, such as sepsis, pneumonia or meningitis. Recommended GBS screening in pregnant women significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in infants. Nevertheless, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, recommended following the detection of carriage or in case of lack of a carriage test result for pregnant women who demonstrate certain risk factors, led to the expansion of the adverse phenomenon of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In our paper, we reviewed some immunogenic GBS proteins, i.e., Alp family proteins, β protein, Lmb, Sip, BibA, FsbA, ScpB, enolase, elongation factor Tu, IMPDH, and GroEL, which possess features characteristic of good candidates for immunodiagnostic assays for GBS carriage detection, such as immunoreactivity and specificity. We assume that they can be used as an alternative diagnostic method to the presently recommended bacteriological cultivation and MALDI.

Detection of immunoreactive proteins of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from cows with diagnosed mastitis

“…Immunoreactive proteins of S. agalactiae have been widely studied with particular emphasis on humans (newborns and GBS carriage) and a type of fish belonging to the Nile tilapia species. In our previous paper, we also described some of them for humans (Brzychczy-Wloch et al, 2013;Dobrut et al, 2018;Pyclik et al, 2018;Dobrut and Brzychczy-Włoch, 2022), and some of them, such as elongation factor Tu (GBS 2), were also detected in this study in cows. Apart from EF-Tu, another elongation factorelongation factor G (GBS 4), had been identified in a mixture of immunoreactive proteins isolated from bovine S. agalactiae.…”

“…Its crucial role is the involvement in folding de novo emerging proteins. Chaperonins are also described as virulence factors (Dobrut and Brzychczy-Włoch, 2022). Moreover, the homologs of 60 kDa chaperonin demonstrated strong immunoreactivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Kong et al, 1993).…”

Alterations in Genes rib, scpB and Pilus Island Decrease the Prevalence of Predominant Serotype V, Not III and VI, of Streptococcus agalactiae from 2008 to 2012

“…CDD analysis determined that the scpB gene encodes a surface-localized serine protease: C5a-like peptidase, which inactivates human C5a to inhibit complement activation, with a putative integrin-binding motif RGD ( Figure 3 ) [ 26 ]. Commonly, GBS strains carry the scpB gene [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. In the present study, we identified two scpB genes: full-length scpB-1 and deletion scpB-2 ( Figure 3 ).…”

Designing multi-epitope-based vaccine targeting surface immunogenic protein of Streptococcus agalactiae using immunoinformatics to control mastitis in dairy cattle

“…Such a finding indicates that this 434-amino-acid protein is conserved and can be described as immunogenic. Sip was also demonstrated to provide an effective immune response and protection against Streptococcus agalactiae infection [ 16 , 17 ]. Therefore, Sip can be used to design multi-epitopes vaccine candidates against mastitis.…”