Immunogenic profile of SARS-CoV-2 spike in individuals recovered from COVID-19

Juno, Jennifer A; Tan, Hyon‐Xhi; Lee, Wen Shi; Reynaldi, Arnold; Kelly, Hannah G.; Wragg, Kathleen; Esterbauer, Robyn; Kent, Helen E; Batten, Jane; Mordant, Francesca L; Gherardin, Nicholas A.; Pymm, Phillip; Dietrich, M.H.; Scott, Nichollas E.; Tham, Wai‐Hong; Godfrey, Dale I.; Subbarao, Kanta; Davenport, Miles P.; Kent, Stephen J.; Wheatley, Adam K.

doi:10.1101/2020.05.17.20104869

Cited by 26 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…113 Neutralising ability correlated in particular with competition for the angiotensin converting enzyme -2 (ACE2) receptor. 70,72,106 Two studies demonstrated a lack of association with affinity, 73,106 although a moderate correlation with binding affinity was reported in one study. 107 Potently neutralising N specific antibodies were isolated in other studies, 73,109 and the potential for antibodies binding to protease cleavage sites as alternatives to RBD isolated from convalescent plasma has also been identified, 114 population.…”

Section: Correlation Of Neutralisation With Specific Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…29,49,67,74,87,[99][100][101] Specifically, high quality studies found that neutralisation ability correlated positively with anti-S IgG 49,72,87,99 or anti-RBD IgG. 72,74,87,102 There was more limited evidence for correlation with anti-RBD IgM, including one high quality study, 51,84 and IgA. 93,99 A number of basic science studies also identified specific neutralising antibodies.…”

Section: Correlation Of Neutralisation With Specific Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: a systematic review

Post

Eddy

Huntley

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction Progress in characterising the humoral immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been rapid but areas of uncertainty persist. This review comprehensively evaluated evidence describing the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 published from 01/01/2020-26/06/2020. Methods Systematic review. Keyword-structured searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase and COVID-19 Primer. Articles were independently screened on title, abstract and full text by two researchers, with arbitration of disagreements. Data were double-extracted into a pre-designed template, and studies critically appraised using a modified version of the MetaQAT tool, with resolution of disagreements by consensus. Findings were narratively synthesised. Results 150 papers were included. Most studies (75%) were observational in design, and included papers were generally of moderate quality based on hospitalised patients. Few considered mild or asymptomatic infection. Antibody dynamics were well described in the acute phase, and up to around 3 months from disease onset, although inconsistencies remain concerning clinical correlates. Development of neutralising antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection is typical, although titres may be low. Specific and potent neutralising antibodies have been isolated from convalescent plasma. Cross reactivity but limited cross neutralisation occurs with other HCoVs. Evidence for protective immunity in vivo is limited to small, short-term animal studies, which show promising initial results in the immediate recovery phase. Interpretation Published literature on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is of variable quality with considerable heterogeneity with regard to methods, study participants, outcomes measured and assays used. Antibody dynamics have been evaluated thoroughly in the acute phase but longer follow up and a comprehensive assessment of the role of demographic characteristics and disease severity is needed. The role of protective neutralising antibodies is emerging, with implications for therapeutics and vaccines. Large, cross-national cohort studies using appropriate statistical analysis and standardised serological assays and clinical classifications should be prioritised.

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Section: Correlation Of Neutralisation With Specific Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Correlation Of Neutralisation With Specific Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: a systematic review

Post

Eddy

Huntley

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unfortunately, no vaccines for any of the known human CoVs have been licensed (143,144), although several potential SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV vaccines have advanced into human clinical trials for years (117,145), suggesting the development of effective vaccines against human CoVs has always been challenging. However, it has been shown that both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 could readily induce neutralizing antibodies following natural infection or immunization (146)(147)(148)(149). Moreover, a growing number of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein with high potency have been isolated from plenty of convalescent donors (33) as well as humanized mice (136,141), some of which have been shown to afford protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in animal models.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Structure, Function, and Antigenicity: Implications for the Design of Spike-Based Vaccine Immunogens

et al. 2020

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The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a grave threat to global public health and imposes a severe burden on the entire human society. Like other coronaviruses, the SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes spike (S) glycoproteins, which protrude from the surface of mature virions. The S glycoprotein plays essential roles in virus attachment, fusion and entry into the host cell. Surface location of the S glycoprotein renders it a direct target for host immune responses, making it the main target of neutralizing antibodies. In the light of its crucial roles in viral infection and adaptive immunity, the S protein is the focus of most vaccine strategies as well as therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight and describe the recent progress that has been made in the biosynthesis, structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein, aiming to provide valuable insights into the design and development of the S protein-based vaccines as well as therapeutics.

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“…The development of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 has been assessed in COVID-19 patients at different disease stages and severities. Specific IgA, IgM, IgG, or total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including full length S protein, RBD, E, and N proteins, were assessed for binding activities in peripheral blood of a total of 4,261 patients (Table 1) Juno et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020a;Long et al, 2020a;Lou et al, 2020;Lynch et al, 2020;Ni et al, 2020;Prevost et al, 2020;Ren et al, 2020;To et al, 2020b;Wajnberg et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020e;Yu et al, 2020a;Zhang et al, 2020c;Zhao et al, 2020). Additional studies were also analyzed and presented in a systemic review (Deeks et al, 2020).…”

Section: Humoral Responses To Sars-cov-2 Infection In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2020

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people and caused tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is lacking, and different therapeutic strategies are under testing. Host humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a critical determinant for patients’ outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in seroconversion and production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The antibodies may suppress viral replication through neutralization but might also participate in COVID-19 pathogenesis through a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement. Rapid progress has been made in the research of antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients, including characterization of the clinical features of antibody responses in different populations infected by SARS-CoV-2, treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobin products, isolation and characterization of a large panel of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and early clinical testing, as well as clinical results from several COVID-19 vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and discuss the implications of these findings in vaccine development.

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Immunogenic profile of SARS-CoV-2 spike in individuals recovered from COVID-19

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: a systematic review

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: a systematic review

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Structure, Function, and Antigenicity: Implications for the Design of Spike-Based Vaccine Immunogens

Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

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