Immunoexpression of <scp>SOX</scp>‐2 in oral leukoplakia

Luiz, Suelen Teixeira; Modolo, Filipe; Mozzer, Izabela; Santos, Emanuela Carla dos; Nagashima, Seigo; Martins, Ana Paula Camargo; Azevedo, Marina Luise Viola de; Azevedo‐Alanis, Luciana Reis; Hardy, Ana Maria Trindade Grégio; Moraes, Rafaela Scariot de; Aguiar, Maria Cássia Ferreira de; Ignácio, Sérgio Aparecido; Jham, Bruno Correia; Noronha, Lúcia de; Johann, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues

doi:10.1111/odi.12922

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The histological grade of epithelial dysplasia in OPMDs is still currently used as the best predictor of progression to cancer [5]. However, the accuracy of the grading system is largely subjective and affected by a great inter-examiner and intra-examiner variability [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OSCC may develop from histologically normal oral mucosa or from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), such as oral leukoplakia (OLK), erythroplakia, or lichen planus, in a process which takes place at the normal epithelium, progressing through hyperplasia to dysplasia and culminating in an invasive carcinoma [2]. OPMDs may show many of the genetic alterations which are present in OSCC [3], even in the absence of histologically defined dysplasia [4], which currently remains the best predictor of progression to invasive carcinoma [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Emerging Role of NANOG as an Early Cancer Risk Biomarker in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Vicente

Rodríguez-Santamarta

Rodrigo

et al. 2019

JCM

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NANOG, a key regulator of pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic and adult stem cells, is frequently overexpressed in multiple cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It has been frequently associated with poor outcomes in epithelial cancers, and recently implicated in laryngeal tumorigenesis. On this basis, we investigated the role of NANOG protein expression as an early cancer risk biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and the impact on prognosis and disease outcomes in OSCC patients. NANOG expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 55 patients with oral epithelial dysplasia, and 125 OSCC patients. Correlations with clinical and follow-up data were assessed. Nuclear NANOG expression was detected in 2 (3.6%) and cytoplasmic NANOG expression in 9 (16.4%) oral dysplasias. NANOG expression increased with the grade of dysplasia. Cytoplasmic NANOG expression and the histopathological grading were significantly correlated with oral cancer risk, although dysplasia grading was the only significant independent predictor of oral cancer development in multivariate analyses. Cytoplasmic NANOG expression was also detected in 39 (31%) OSCC samples. Positive NANOG expression was significantly associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, and was more frequent in pN0 tumors, early I-II stages. These data unveil the clinical relevance of NANOG in early stages of OSCC tumorigenesis rather than in advanced neoplastic disease. NANOG expression emerges as an early predictor of oral cancer risk in patients with OPMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of NANOG as an Early Cancer Risk Biomarker in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Vicente

Rodríguez-Santamarta

Rodrigo

et al. 2019

JCM

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“…OLK is the most frequent potentially malignant disorder in the oral cavity. Histologic grading of epithelial dysplasia in OLK is currently still the gold standard in the clinical practice to evaluate the risk of progression to invasive carcinoma [16]. However, the accuracy of the various grading systems so far developed have shown limited predictability, are largely subjective, and affected by a great inter- and intra-examiner variability [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been described that OLK lesions show higher expression of SOX2 than normal oral mucosa, suggesting its contribution to the pathogenesis of OSCC [16]. Consequently, SOX2 could be a potentially useful predictor of cancer risk in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOX2 Expression Is an Independent Predictor of Oral Cancer Progression

Vicente

Molino

Rodrigo

et al. 2019

JCM

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Potentially malignant oral lesions, mainly leukoplakia, are common. Malignant transformation varies widely, even in the absence of histological features such as dysplasia. Hence, there is a need for novel biomarker-based systems to more accurately predict the risk of cancer progression. The pluripotency transcription factor SOX2 is frequently overexpressed in cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), thereby providing a link between malignancy and stemness. This study investigates the clinical relevance of SOX2 protein expression in early stages of oral carcinogenesis as a cancer risk biomarker, and also its impact on prognosis and disease outcome at late stages of OSCC progression. SOX2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 55 patients with oral epithelial dysplasia, and in 125 patients with OSCC, and correlated with clinicopathological data and outcomes. Nuclear SOX2 expression was detected in four (7%) cases of oral epithelial dysplasia, using a cut-off of 10% stained nuclei, and in 16 (29%) cases when any positive nuclei was evaluated. Univariate analysis showed that SOX2 expression and histopathological grading were significantly associated with oral cancer risk; and both were found to be significant independent predictors in the multivariate analysis. Nuclear SOX2 expression was also found in 49 (39%) OSCC cases, was more frequent in early tumor stages and N0 cases, and was associated with a better survival. In conclusion, SOX2 expression emerges as an independent predictor of oral cancer risk in patients with oral leukoplakia. These findings underscore the relevant role of SOX2 in early oral tumorigenesis rather than in tumor progression.

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“…The histopathological classification of oral epithelial dysplasia can assist in the monitoring and definition of the most appropriate treatment; however, other factors may be determinant in the process of malignant transformation (34,35). Several biomarkers are being analyzed by immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate their participation in oral epithelial dysplasia (3,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of the immunohistochemical detection of epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers in oral epithelial dysplasia: A systematic review

Morais

Pinheiro²,

Lira³

et al. 2020

Med Oral

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Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise a range of clinical-pathological alterations that are frequently characterized as architectural and cytological derangements upon histological analysis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a critical mechanism for the acquisition of the malignant phenotype in neoplastic epithelial processes. This study aims to systematically review the current findings on the immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral potentially malignant disorders and to evaluate their possible application as biomarkers associated with the progression of oral epithelial dysplasias. Material and Methods: A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library. Articles that evaluated the relationship between the expression of EMT markers and the degree of oral epithelial dysplasia were selected for the systematic review. The quality of each eligible study was evaluated by independent reviewers that used operationalized prognostic biomarker reporting guidelines (REMARK). Results: Seventeen articles met all inclusion criteria and were selected. The EMT markers analyzed exhibited an important association with the prognosis of the cases evaluated. The results showed a progressive increase in the expression of nuclear transcription factors and markers of mesenchymal differentiation, as well as negative regulation of epithelial and cell adhesion markers, according to the stage of oral epithelial dysplasia.

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Immunoexpression of SOX‐2 in oral leukoplakia

Abstract: Oral leukoplakia lesions showed a higher expression of SOX-2, suggesting its contribution to the pathogenesis of OL.

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The Emerging Role of NANOG as an Early Cancer Risk Biomarker in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

The Emerging Role of NANOG as an Early Cancer Risk Biomarker in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

SOX2 Expression Is an Independent Predictor of Oral Cancer Progression

Prognostic value of the immunohistochemical detection of epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers in oral epithelial dysplasia: A systematic review

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