Immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis: comparative performance of serum diagnostic tests in Mexico

Hernández, Marisela; Astudillo, Osvaldo-Germán; Diego, Gustavo; de-la-Rosa-Arana, Jorge-Luis; Meza-Lucas, Antonio; García-Rodea, Ricardo; Romo, Matthew-L; Toledo, Andrea; Parkhouse, R. M. E.; Gárate, Teresa; Sciutto, Edda; Fleury, Agnès

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06425-4

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…13.3% versus 52.2% among 23 CT-con rmed neurocysticercosis cases tested [24]. On the other hand, in a recent Mexican study on 58 NCC patients, the sensitivity of the LDBIO EITB was slightly higher (71.4%) than that of the CDC-EITB (66.1%) (25). These discrepancies between EITB test sensitivities need further investigation on a larger number of samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The African continent reports the highest burden of human cysticercosis in the world, with pooled prevalence of circulating T. solium antigens estimated at 7.30% (95% CI 4.23-12.31) and of antibodies at 17.37% (95%CI 3.33-56.20) in community-based epidemiological surveys [25]. In DRC, the epidemiology of human and porcine cysticercosis is poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High frequency of Taenia solium antigen positivity in patients admitted for neurological disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Mukendi

Kalo

Lutumba

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The epidemiology of human cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium , is not well known in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). As part of an etiological study, we consecutively evaluated from 2012 to 2016 all patients older than 5 years admitted for neurological disorders (neurology cohort) at the rural hospital of Mosango, province of Kwilu, DRC. No neuroimaging was available. A similar study was conducted among patients presenting with persistent fever (> 7 days) during the same period in the same hospital. In both studies, etiological diagnosis relied on a systematic set of reference laboratory assays and on pre-established clinical case definitions. The aim of this post-hoc analysis was to determine the frequency of T. solium infection in these neurology and persistent fever cohorts and to explore its association with specific neurological presentations and final etiological diagnoses. Methods We conducted a descriptive and analytic study between the group of neurological syndrome patients and persistent fever based on the presence or not the cysticercosis IgG using the B158/B60 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and of the LDBIO Cysticercosis Western Blot IgG assay, respectively.. Results For the neurology cohort, 340 samples (of 351 enrolled patients) were available for analysis (males: 46.8%; mean age: 38.9 years). T. solium antigen positivity was found in 43 participants (12.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3-16.7%), including 9 of 60 (15%) patients with epilepsy. Of the 148 evaluated samples from the persistent fever cohort (males: 39.9%; mean age: 19.9 years), 7 had positive T. solium antigen (4.7%; 95% CI 1.9-9.5%; P=0.009 when compared to the neurology cohort). No significant association was found within the neurology cohort between positivity and clinical presentation or final diagnoses. Of note, the antibody-based assay was found positive in only four (1.3%) of the participants of the neurology cohort and in none of the persistent fever cohort. Conclusions T. solium antigen positivity was frequent in patients admitted with neurological disorders in the Kwilu province, DRC. Further neuroimaging studies should explore whether neurocysticercosis is prevalent in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High frequency of Taenia solium antigen positivity in patients admitted for neurological disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Mukendi

Kalo

Lutumba

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As is the case for most neglected tropical diseases, literature on NCC is limited due to a historic lack of attention, and funding, to the disease. Poor accessibility to neuroimaging in endemic regions, suboptimal performance of diagnostic assays [ 73 ], and lack of standard approaches to screening and diagnosis, further limit the scope and quality of the literature base. In general, available studies had small sample sizes [ 25 , 27 , 74 – 76 ], were cross-sectional in nature or with short-term or incomplete follow-up, and were biased towards enrollment and/or follow-up of symptomatic cases (among papers with data on the number of lesions in NCC cases, 18 focused on symptomatic cases vs. 6 on asymptomatic or all cases–these were used in S1 Text ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CystiHuman: A model of human neurocysticercosis

et al. 2022

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Introduction The Taenia solium tapeworm is responsible for cysticercosis, a neglected tropical disease presenting as larvae in the body of a host following taenia egg ingestion. Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the name of the disease when it affects the human central nervous system, is a major cause of epilepsy in developing countries, and can also cause intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus and death. Simulation models can help identify the most cost-effective interventions before their implementation. Modelling NCC should enable the comparison of a broad range of interventions, from treatment of human taeniasis (presence of an adult taenia worm in the human intestine) to NCC mitigation. It also allows a focus on the actual impact of the disease, rather than using proxies as is the case for other models. Methods This agent-based model is the first model that simulates human NCC and associated pathologies. It uses the output of another model, CystiAgent, which simulates the evolution of pig cysticercosis and human taeniasis, adding human and cyst agents, including a model of cyst location and stage, human symptoms, and treatment. CystiHuman also accounts for delays in the appearance of NCC-related symptoms. It comprises three modules detailing cyst development, seizure probability and timing, and intracranial hypertension/hydrocephalus, respectively. It has been implemented in Java MASON and calibrated in three endemic villages in Peru, then applied to another village (Rica Playa) to compare simulation results with field data in that village. Results and discussion Despite limitations in available field data, parameter values found through calibration are plausible and simulated outcomes in Rica Playa are close to actual values for NCC prevalence and the way it increases with age and cases with single lesions. Initial simulations further suggest that short-term interventions followed by a rapid increase in taeniasis prevalence back to original levels may have limited impacts on NCC prevalence.

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“…42 Immunodiagnostic tests of CSF and serum samples (ELISA, immunoblot, and NOVALISA) provide ancillary support for the diagnosis of NCC, with sensitivity and specificity as high as 81% and 97% respectively. 43,44 Lesion appearance in CT and MRI varies as a function of the cyst's lifetime evolution (Figures 3 and 4). As the parasite invades the tissue, there is focal edema and some degree of contrast enhancement.…”

Section: Neuroimaging Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy: Imaging and clinical characteristics

Rodríguez‐Leyva

Cantú-Flores

Domínguez-Frausto

et al. 2023

Epileptic Disorders

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The ILAE Neuroimaging Task Force aimed to publish educational case reports highlighting basic aspects related to neuroimaging in epilepsy consistent with the educational mission of the ILAE. Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is highly endemic in resource‐limited countries and increasingly more often seen in non‐endemic regions due to migration. Cysts with larva of the tapeworm Taenia solium lodge in the brain and cause several neurological conditions, of which seizures are the most common. There is great heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of neurocysticercosis because cysts vary in number, larval stage, and location among patients. We here present two illustrative cases with different clinical features to highlight the varying severity of symptoms secondary to this parasitic infestation. We also present several examples of imaging characteristics of the disease at various stages, which emphasize the central role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis.

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Immunodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis: comparative performance of serum diagnostic tests in Mexico

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

High frequency of Taenia solium antigen positivity in patients admitted for neurological disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, Democratic Republic of Congo.

High frequency of Taenia solium antigen positivity in patients admitted for neurological disorders in the Rural Hospital of Mosango, Democratic Republic of Congo.

CystiHuman: A model of human neurocysticercosis

Neurocysticercosis and epilepsy: Imaging and clinical characteristics

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