Immunodiagnosis of and immunoprophylaxis against the haemorparasites babesia sp. and anaplasma sp. in domestic animals

Wright, I. G.

doi:10.20506/rst.9.2.508

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These observations strongly suggest that, like other protozoan parasites, B. divergens has evolved immunodominant decoy antigens which induce high antibody titers that are nonprotective (190,191). However, effective specific immunity to conserved protective antigens may be much harder to detect.…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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Babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus, and is the main agent of bovine babesiosis in Europe. It is not only a cause of significant loss to the cattle industry; it can also infect immunocompromised humans, causing medical emergencies characterized by rapid fulmination and parasitemias that may exceed 70%. The current emphasis in Europe on sustainable agriculture and extensification is likely to lead to an increase in vector tick populations with increased risk of infection. Despite the veterinary and zoonotic importance of this parasite, relatively little research has been carried out on B. divergens, and many questions regarding the parasite's epidemiology and the host's response remain unanswered. A better understanding of the species' biology and host-parasite interactions may lead to improved control mechanisms and new trends in vaccine and antibabesial drug development. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of B. divergens biology, including its morphology, life cycle, and host specificity, and the current state of knowledge of both human and bovine infections

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Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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“…For vaccine production, splenectomized calves maintained under quarantine conditions are experimentally inoculated with defined strains and serve as a source of infective blood. Vaccinated cattle develop persistent infections, which induce lifelong protective immunity in cattle, and revaccination is usually not required (1,139,160,175). Vaccination strategies using live organisms include (i) infection and treatment, (ii) live vaccines containing attenuated strains of A. marginale, and (iii) live vaccines containing the less pathogenic A. centrale.…”

Section: Live Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigens and Alternatives for Control ofAnaplasma marginaleInfection in Cattle

et al. 2003

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Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne cattle disease caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The disease causes considerable economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. Analyses of 16S rRNA, groESL, and surface proteins have resulted in the recent reclassification of the order Rickettsiales. The genus Anaplasma, of which A. marginale is the type species, now also includes A. bovis, A. platys, and A. phagocytophilum, which were previously known as Ehrlichia bovis, E. platys, and the E. phagocytophila group (which causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), respectively. Live and killed vaccines have been used for control of anaplasmosis, and both types of vaccines have advantages and disadvantages. These vaccines have been effective in preventing clinical anaplasmosis in cattle but have not blocked A. marginale infection. Thus, persistently infected cattle serve as a reservoir of infective blood for both mechanical transmission and infection of ticks. Advances in biochemical, immunologic, and molecular technologies during the last decade have been applied to research of A. marginale and related organisms. The recent development of a cell culture system for A. marginale provides a potential source of antigen for the development of improved killed and live vaccines, and the availability of cell culture-derived antigen would eliminate the use of cattle in vaccine production. Increased knowledge of A. marginale antigen repertoires and an improved understanding of bovine cellular and humoral immune responses to A. marginale, combined with the new technologies, should contribute to the development of more effective vaccines for control and prevention of anaplasmosis

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“…bovis antibody; however, besides not being particularly sensitive, IFAT is unsuitable for use with a large number of serum samples. Furthermore, the results of IFAT may be influenced by the subjective judgment of the operator (3,30). In contrast, ELISA is quite sensitive and may be easily used to test large numbers of samples (3,26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Recombinant Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 Antigen against Babesia bovis for the Detection of Specific Antibodies in Cattle

et al. 2002

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The gene encoding Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure specific antibodies against B. bovis. The B. bovis RAP-1 gene was subcloned into a baculovirus transfer vector, and the RAP-1 protein was expressed in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. The recombinant B. bovis RAP-1 of 65 kDa was detected with anti-RAP-1 mouse serum by Western blotting, and this recombinant RAP-1 was used as an antigen in the ELISA. The ELISA was able to differentiate between B. bovis-infected sera and B. bigemina-infected sera or noninfected normal bovine sera. The results demonstrate that the recombinant RAP-1 expressed in insect cells might be a useful antigen for the detection of antibodies to B. bovis.

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Immunodiagnosis of and immunoprophylaxis against the haemorparasites babesia sp. and anaplasma sp. in domestic animals

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Antigens and Alternatives for Control ofAnaplasma marginaleInfection in Cattle

Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Recombinant Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 Antigen against Babesia bovis for the Detection of Specific Antibodies in Cattle

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