Immunodeficiency-associated viral oncogenesis

Pierangeli, Alessandra; Antonelli, Guido; Gentile, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2015.07.009

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Neither treatment nor achievement of SVR resulted in lower rates of nonliver cancers, although HIV infection was an independent risk factor for non‐HCC cancer. This finding is not unexpected; previous studies have shown that HIV raises the risk of several types of cancer with known infectious causes .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Hepatitis C treatment failure is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Lü

Rupp

et al. 2016

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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SUMMARY Sustained virological response (SVR) to antiviral therapy for hepatitis C (HCV) reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there is little information regarding how treatment failure (TF) compares to lack of treatment. We evaluated the impact of treatment status on risk of HCC using data from the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS–an observational study based in four large US health systems, with up to 7 years of follow-up on patients). Multivariable analyses were used to adjust for bias in treatment selection, as well as other covariates, followed by sensitivity analyses. Among 10 091 HCV patients, 3681 (36%) received treatment, 2099 (57%) experienced treatment failure (TF), and 1582 (43%) of these achieved sustained virological response (SVR). TF patients demonstrated almost twice the risk of HCC than untreated patients [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–2.53]; this risk persisted across all stages of fibrosis. Several sensitivity analyses validated these results. Although African Americans were at increased risk of treatment failure, they were at lower risk for HCC and all-cause mortality compared to White patients. SVR patients had lower risk of HCC than TF patients (aHR = 0.48, CI 0.31–0.73), whereas treatment – regardless of outcome – reduced all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.45, CI 0.34–0.60 for SVR patients; aHR = 0.78, CI 0.65–0.93 for TF patients).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Hepatitis C treatment failure is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Lü

Rupp

et al. 2016

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…EBV also causes severe clinical manifestations in persons with HIV disease, including oral hairy leukoplakia, end-organ inflammation, and lymphoma [33,34]. Previous studies by our group [35,36] have shown a reduction in EBV replication associated with ART use, which was also observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Valganciclovir for the Suppression of Epstein-Barr Virus Replication

Yager

Magaret

Kuntz³

et al. 2017

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Valganciclovir for the Suppression of Epstein-Barr Virus Replication Jessica Eve YagerChair of the Supervisory Committee:Professor Anna Wald Department of EpidemiologyEpstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common herpesvirus, is the main causative agent of infectious mononucleosis.Following primary infection, EBV persists in host cells and can cause B cell transformation, leading to the development of EBV-associated malignancies. The role for antiviral therapy in treating and preventing EBV-associated disease remains unclear. Using oral swabs collected from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study that our group had previously conducted, we sought to determine the impact of valganciclovir on both the rate and quantity of oral EBV shedding. Twenty-six men were randomly assigned to receive either oral valganciclovir, 900mg daily, or oral placebo once daily for eight weeks. Participants then received no study drug for a two week "washout period," followed by the alternate treatment (valganciclovir or placebo) for a second eight-week period. Valganciclovir reduced the proportion of days on which EBV was detected by 72% (relative risk 0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.55; p=0.003), and reduced the quantity of virus detected by 0.77 logs (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.91 logs; p<0.001). These results were consistent regardless of participants' HIV status and use of antiretroviral therapy. These findings could have significant clinical applications in both the treatment and prevention of EBV-associated disease. 4Background and Significance:

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“…The elevated risk could be related to the underlying lung condition in the native lung when only one lung was transplanted, repeated infections, or chronic smoking [31, 32]. The small number of lung transplant recipients, of which only two were diagnosed with cancer, was one of the limitations of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo malignancy in organ transplant recipients in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort population study

et al. 2016

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Organ transplant recipients appear to have a higher risk of de novo malignancy. The aim of the study was designed to estimate cancer risk in heart, lung, kidney and liver transplant recipients. The cohort study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (1996-2011) and followed the outcomes of organ recipients until 2012. De novo cancer and mortality rates after organ transplantation were evaluated using standardized incidence ratios, excess absolute risks of cancer, and standardized mortality ratios in recipients were compared with those in the general population. We identified 40, 231, 2, and 115 patients who developed cancer after heart, kidney, lung, and liver transplantation, which corresponded to a cancer incidence of 878.4, 1101.2, 728.9, and 1361.4 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. In heart, kidney, lung, and liver recipients, the overall standardized incidence ratios were 1.65 (1.21-2.24), 3.33 (2.93-3.79), 1.82 (0.45-7.27) and 3.37 (2.81-4.05) and the overall standardized mortality ratios were 5.45 (4.96-5.98), 1.47 (1.34-1.61), 8.92 (7.10-11.20), and 3.83 (3.48-4.20), respectively. These results reveal a three-fold increase in de novo cancer risk in organ transplant patients compared with the general population. This study illustrated the importance of de novo malignancy after organ transplantation.

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Immunodeficiency-associated viral oncogenesis

Cited by 39 publications

References 93 publications

Hepatitis C treatment failure is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis C treatment failure is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Valganciclovir for the Suppression of Epstein-Barr Virus Replication

De novo malignancy in organ transplant recipients in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort population study

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