Immunocytochemical study of glycine receptors in the retina of the frog Xenopus laevis

Vitanova, L.

doi:10.1007/s00429-005-0076-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Some scattered puncta are also observed in the INL. Similar patterns are seen with GlyRα3 immunostaining in the IPL, although scattered puncta are also detected in the OPL (Vitanova, 2006). …”

Section: Developmental Expression Patterns Of Glycinergic Phenotype Msupporting

confidence: 65%

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

Chalphin

Saha

2010

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Glycine's role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult vertebrate nervous system has been well characterized in a number of different model organisms. However, a full understanding of glycinergic transmission requires a knowledge of how glycinergic synapses emerge and the role of glycinergic signaling during development. Recent literature has provided a detailed picture of the developmental expression of many of the molecular components that comprise the glycinergic phenotype, namely the glycine transporters and the glycine receptor subunits; the transcriptional networks leading to the expression of this important neurotransmitter phenotype are also being elucidated. An equally important focus of research has revealed the critical role of glycinergic signaling in sculpting many different aspects of neural development. This review examines the current literature detailing the expression patterns of the components of the glycinergic phenotype in various vertebrate model organisms over the course of development and the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of the glycinergic phenotype. The review then surveys the recent work on the role of glycinergic signaling in the developing nervous system and concludes with an overview of areas for further research.

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Section: Developmental Expression Patterns Of Glycinergic Phenotype Msupporting

confidence: 65%

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

Chalphin

Saha

2010

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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“…1B) shows that each band is composed of great number of immunoreactive puncta. In our previous studies, we demonstrated similar punctate pattern of immunoreactivity for glutamate receptors in frog retina (Vitanova, 2006a), as well as for other types of membrane receptors, glycine and GABA, in frog and turtle retina (Vitanova, 2006b;Vitanova et al, 2001Vitanova et al, , 2004. The immunofluorescence caused by an antiserum that recognizes both GluR2 and GluR3 subunits is represented in Fig.…”

Section: Ampa Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 67%

AMPA and Kainate Receptors in Turtle Retina: An Immunocytochemical Study

Vitanova

2007

Cell Mol Neurobiol

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1. Glutamate is one of the main neurotransmitters in the retina. Its effects are mediated by a large number of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.2. The distribution of ionotropic AMPA receptor subunits GluR1-4, kainate receptor subunits GluR5-7 and KA2, as well as delta receptors 1-2 was studied in turtle retina. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to localize the different receptor subunits viewed using light microscopy.3. Results show that all subunits, with exception of GluR1 and GluR5, are widely distributed in the turtle retina.4. They are mainly located in the both plexiform layers of the retina where punctate staining, a sign for synaptic localization, is observed.5. The vast majority of the subunits possess specific pattern of staining that allow to suppose that they are involved in different retinal circuits.6. It can be assumed that the GluR2/3 and GluR6/7 subunits are expressed on the dendrites of a subpopulation of bipolar cells that are immunopositive for alpha-isoform of protein kinase C (PKCalpha). The GluR2/3 and GluR6/7 subunits are most probably used by the same PKCalpha immunopositive bipolar cells in their synaptic contacts with the third-order retinal neurons, the amacrine and ganglion cells.

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“…Glycine is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system of vertebrates, where it has been investigated in various species [ 35 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Conversely, our understanding of glycinergic neurotransmission in invertebrates is much more limited ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Conservation and Genetic Divergence of Chordate Glycinergic Neurotransmission: Insights from Amphioxus Glycine Transporters

Bozzo

Costa

Obino

et al. 2021

Cells

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Glycine is an important neurotransmitter in vertebrates, performing both excitatory and inhibitory actions. Synaptic levels of glycine are tightly controlled by the action of two glycine transporters, GlyT1 and GlyT2, located on the surface of glial cells and neurons, respectively. Only limited information is available on glycinergic neurotransmission in invertebrates, and the evolution of glycinergic neurotransmission is poorly understood. Here, by combining phylogenetic and gene expression analyses, we characterized the glycine transporter complement of amphioxus, an important invertebrate model for studying the evolution of chordates. We show that amphioxus possess three glycine transporter genes. Two of these (GlyT2.1 and GlyT2.2) are closely related to GlyT2 of vertebrates, whereas the third (GlyT) is a member of an ancestral clade of deuterostome glycine transporters. GlyT2.2 expression is predominantly non-neural, whereas GlyT and GlyT2.1 are widely expressed in the amphioxus nervous system and are differentially expressed, respectively, in neurons and glia. Vertebrate glycinergic neurons express GlyT2 and glia GlyT1, suggesting that the evolution of the chordate glycinergic system was accompanied by a paralog-specific inversion of gene expression. Despite this genetic divergence between amphioxus and vertebrates, we found strong evidence for conservation in the role glycinergic neurotransmission plays during larval swimming, the implication being that the neural networks controlling the rhythmic movement of chordate bodies may be homologous.

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Immunocytochemical study of glycine receptors in the retina of the frog Xenopus laevis

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

The specification of glycinergic neurons and the role of glycinergic transmission in development

AMPA and Kainate Receptors in Turtle Retina: An Immunocytochemical Study

Functional Conservation and Genetic Divergence of Chordate Glycinergic Neurotransmission: Insights from Amphioxus Glycine Transporters

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