Immunocytochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor in neurons and glial cells of human retina

Famiglietti, Edward V.; Stopa, Edward G.; McGookin, Edward D.; Song, Philip; LeBlanc, Victoria; Streeten, Barbara W.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03766-6

Cited by 82 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…20 Within the posterior segment of the eye, VEGF is produced by retinal pigment epithelial cells, neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, ganglion cells, Müller cells, and smooth muscle cells. 21 Although VEGF affects all cells within the retina, its primary targets are vascular endothelial cells.…”

Section: Vegf Synthesis and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expanding Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors in Ophthalmology

Stewart

2012

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

166

105

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in both physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis and contributes to increased permeability across both the blood-retinal and blood-brain barriers. After 2 decades of extensive research into the VEGF families and receptors, specific molecules have been targeted for drug development, and several medications have received US Food and Drug Administration approval. Bevacizumab, a full-length antibody against VEGF approved for the intravenous treatment of advanced carcinomas, has been used extensively in ophthalmology for exudative age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, retinopathy of prematurity, and other chorioretinal vascular disorders. Pegaptanib and ranibizumab have been developed specifically for intraocular use, whereas the soon-to-be-introduced aflibercept (VEGF Trap-Eye) is moving through clinical trials for both intraocular and systemic use. Although these drugs exhibit excellent safety profiles, ocular and systemic complications, particularly thromboembolic events, remain a concern in patients receiving therapy. Patients experiencing adverse events that may be related to VEGF suppression should be carefully evaluated by both the ophthalmologist and the medical physician to reassess the need for intraocular therapy and explore the feasibility of changing medications. For this review a search of PubMed from January 1, 1985 through April 15, 2011, was performed using the following terms (or combination of terms): vascular endothelial growth factors, VEGF, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retina vein occlusions, retinopathy of prematurity, intravitreal injections, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and VEGF Trap. Studies were limited to those published in English. Other articles were identified from bibliographies of retrieved articles and archives of the author.

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Section: Vegf Synthesis and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expanding Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors in Ophthalmology

Stewart

2012

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

166

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…40 Vascular endothelial growth factor expression has been detected in all classes of neurons and glial cells in the disease-free human retina. 43 It has been postulated that the basal expression of VEGF by the neural retina, which may approach 15 to 20 pg/mg of protein, may serve a role in maintaining retinal vascular homeostasis; however, the potential for an autocrine or paracrine neuroprotective role remains. 44 In vitro experiments suggest that VEGF plays a role in photoreceptor differentiation and may contribute to photoreceptor survival.…”

Section: G93amentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitors of Ocular Neovascularization

Wijngaarden¹,

Coster²,

Williams³

2005

JAMA

226

128

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“…VEGF is abundant in the brain and retina during neural development and primary angiogenesis, but declines in amount postnatally . Recently, it has been demonstrated that VEGF is present in all types of neurons and Mu¨ller glial cells in adult human retina (Famiglietti et al 2003). VEGFmediated stimulation of axonal outgrowth was observed in adult superior cervical ganglia and dorsal root ganglia in vitro via the specific receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF-R2 (Flk-1) (Sondell et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Flk-1 receptor appears to lead most of the neurotrophic effects, such as antiapoptotic activity, neuronal development, neurite growth and gliotrophic properties , while the Flt-1 receptor has a weak signaling activity and serves as a physiological negative regulator of VEGF action (Kendall et al 1996). In addition, Flk-1 and VEGF colocalize in rat immature neurons in vivo and in vitro (Jin et al 2002), as well as in neurons and glial cells in human retina (Famiglietti et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor Flk-1 in the amphibian developing principal and accessory olfactory system

et al. 2006

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In the last years several studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is present in neural stem cells and mature neurons from different neural tissues where it may play an important role as a neuroproliferative and/or antiapoptotic factor. The olfactory neuroepithelium has the capability to replace dying neurons with new neurons formed by cell division from stem cells in the basal region of the epithelium. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that VEGF is present in the olfactory epithelium, nerves and bulbs (both main and accessory) during the development of the toad Bufo arenarum. In this report, we detected VEGF immunoreactivity in mature olfactory neurons from early larval stages until the beginning of the metamorphic climax. VEGF expression decreases dramatically after metamorphosis. VEGF receptor Flk-1 was localized by immunohistochemistry, from premetamorphic larval stages until the climax in the neurons of the olfactory epithelium with a more intense labeling in the basal cell layer. Double-label immunofluorescence studies localized VEGF to the cytoplasm and the nucleus of mature neurons whereas Flk-1 was expressed in cell membranes. Flk-1 was present in neurons of both the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. After the end of metamorphosis, Flk-1 expression was limited to basal cells in the olfactory epithelium and Bowman's glands. The main and accessory olfactory bulbs showed the same pattern of Flk-1 immunostaining before and after the end of metamorphosis. The presence of VEGF and its receptor in the olfactory system suggests that VEGF may play an important role during neural development.

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Immunocytochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor in neurons and glial cells of human retina

Cited by 82 publications

References 21 publications

The Expanding Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors in Ophthalmology

The Expanding Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors in Ophthalmology

Inhibitors of Ocular Neovascularization

Immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor Flk-1 in the amphibian developing principal and accessory olfactory system

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