Immunocytochemical localization of cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in oral mucosa and lymph nodes of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis

Neworal, E.P.M; Altemani, Albina; Mamoni, Ronei Luciano; Noronha, Irene L.; Blotta, Maria Heloı́sa Souza Lima

doi:10.1016/s1043-4666(03)00051-6

Cited by 35 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…A third study also included biopsies of inflamed lymph nodes from patients with the acute form of the disease. These biopsies showed higher counts of yeast cells compared to the oral mucosa biopsies of chronic form lesions [38]. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme involved with the production of NO, was expressed at low levels in the lesions, suggesting that this cytotoxic agent may have a role in human host defense against Pb.…”

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confidence: 88%

“…In fact, macrophages are considered central to the anti-Pb immunity [36]. Neutrophil accumulation has been described in the early phase of the immune response, either permeating the granulomatous reaction or forming microabscesses within them [37][38][39][40]. These cells have been shown to also exert in vitro anti-Pb activity [41][42][43][44], but their in vivo role in the host defense against the fungus remains to be determined.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An overview of the immunopathology of human paracoccidioidomycosis

2008

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We review here the advances in the understanding of the immunopathology of human paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Its investigation must take in account the intriguing natural history of the mycosis and its agent, providing clues to the mechanisms that lead to development of disease (unbalanced host-parasite relationship?) or to the clinically silent, chronic carrier state (balanced hostparasite relationship?), in exposed people living in endemic areas. Although the literature on this subject has progressed notably, the overall picture of what are the mechanisms of susceptibility or resistance continues to be fragmentary. Major advances were seen in the description of both the cytokines/chemokines associated to the different outcomes of the hostparasite interaction, and the fungus-monocyte/macrophage interaction, and cytokines released thereof by these cells. However, relatively few studies have attempted to modify, even in vitro, the patients' unbalanced immune reactivity. Consequently, the benefits of this improved knowledge did not yet reach clinical practice. Fortunately, the previous notion of the immune system as having two nearly independent arms, the innate and adaptive immunities, leaving a large gap between them, is now being overcome.Immunologists are now trying to dissect the connections between these two arms. This will certainly lead to more productive results. Current investigations should address the innate immunity events that trigger the IL-12/IFN-c axis and confer protection against PCM in those individuals living in endemic areas, who have been infected, but did not develop the mycosis.

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An overview of the immunopathology of human paracoccidioidomycosis

2008

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“…45 The expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF -β in the lymph nodes of patients with the acute form of the disease is associated with the mechanism by which the fungus evades host immune response, contributing to the disseminated form of PCM. 46 Detection of immunostaining for IL-10 and IL-5 in loose granuloma of patients indicates an ineffective immune response in curbing the fungal infection. 45,47 In the mucocutaneous forms of PCM, the presence of TGF-β in areas of fibrosis after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suggests that this cytokine is involved in the healing process through stimulation of fibroblast proliferation.…”

Section: Immunopathogenesis Of Pcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imunologia da paracoccidioidomicose

Fortes¹,

Miot

Kurokawa³

et al. 2011

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, among immunecompetent patients. It's caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioiddes brasiliensis. Investigations regarding its immunopathogenesis are very important in the understanding of aspects related to natural history, as the protective immunity, and the relationship between host and parasite; also favoring the knowledge about clinical patterns and the elaboration of therapeutic strategies. The disease clinical polymorphism depends, at least, of the immune response profile according to the tissue and blood released citokynes, resulting in tissue damage. Keywords: Allergy and immunology; Cytokines; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis Resumo: Paracoccidioidomicose é a mais prevalente micose sistêmica na América Latina, em pacientes imunocompetentes, sendo causada pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioiddes brasiliensis. O estudo da sua imunopatogênese é importante na compreensão de aspectos relacionados à história natural, como a imunidade protetora, e à relação entre hospedeiro e parasita, favorecendo o entendimento clínico e a elaboração de estratégias terapêuticas. O polimorfismo clínico da doença depende, em última análise, do perfil de resposta imune que prevalece expresso pelo padrão de citocinas teciduais e circulantes, além da qualidade da resposta imune desencadeada, que levam ao dano tecidual.

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“…Foram pesquisadas lesões na mucosa oral ( f o rm a localizada, FA) e em lifonodos (forma pro f u nda, FJ), através da análise imuno-histoquímica. A maior expressão das citocinas anti-inflamatórias (IL-10 e TGF-beta) nas lesões de pacientes com FJ pode re p resentar o mecanismo pelo qual o fungo se pro t ege do sistema imune resultando em forma mais severa e disseminada da doença 12 .…”

Section: Fig 3 Esfregaço Citológico (Coloração De Prata Gomori-gro Cunclassified

Paracoccidioidomicose em hemisfério cerebral e tronco encefálico: relato de caso

Filho

Borges

Júnior³

et al. 2006

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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D r. Manoel Baldoino Leal Filho -Rua Thomaz Tajra 1222 / Apto. 300 -64048-380 Te resina PI -Brasil. E-mail: manoelbaldoino@uol.comRESUMO -Relata-se sobre um homem de 36 anos com passagem quatro anos antes pela selva amazônica. Admitido após seis meses do aparecimento pro g ressivo de tetraparesia, ataxia de marcha, disfagia, disart r i a , dispnéia e soluço. A ressonância magnética revelou lesão parietoccipital à direita e no bulbo, sendo esta última maior. Investigações para tuberculose e síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida tiveram re s u l t a d o s negativos. Foi submetido a micro c i ru rgia da lesão do bulbo. O estudo anatomopatológico revelou paracoccidioidomicose. Recebeu tratamento com anfotericina B até 2100 mg, e sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim por três meses, e fisioterapia. Voltou às atividades após seis meses do término do tratamento. Comenta-se sobre a participação do sistema imunológico e das citocinas (interleucinas).PA L AV R A S -C H AVE: paracoccidioidomicose, sistema nervoso central, sistema imunológico, citocinas, interleucinas.Paracoccidioidomycosis in cerebral hemisphere and brainstem: case report ABSTRACT -We re p o rt on a 36 years-old man that had been at the Amazon forest four years before. Six months before the admission he had developed a pro g ressive quadriparesis, gait ataxia, dysphagia, dysart h r i a , d i fficulty in breathing and hiccup. The gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI showed a lesion into the right parietoccipital area and another into the medulla, that was the largest. There was any evidence of t u b e rculosis or AIDS. The patient was submitted to micro s u rgical approach to the medulla. Pathological examination revealed paracoccidioidomycosis. Treatment with anphotericin B till 2100mg was administere d followed by sulfamethoxazole-trimetoprim for three months plus physical therapy. The patient went back to his activities six months after the end of the treatment. Comments are presented about the part i c i p a t i o n of the immunological system and of the cytokines (interleukines).KEY WORDS: paracoccidioidomycosis, central nervous system, immunological system, cytokines, interleukines.A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma doença sistêmica causada pelo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, u m fungo dimórfico, com prevalência maior na América do Sul, em regiões de florestas, principalmente no B r a s i l 1 -5 . A micose é adquirida através da inalação de conídeos e se manifesta freqüentemente por envolvimento do sistema retículo-endotelial, a lesão inicial comumente ocorrendo ao nível da mucosa oro f a r í ngea e se dissemina por via hematogênica [1][2][3] . A lesão fúngica se instala principalmente nos pulmões, nas glândulas adrenais, baço, fígado, ossos e tracto gast r i n t e s t i n a l , acometendo a medula espinhal, o tronco encefálico, o cerebelo e, mais comumente, os hemisférios cerebrais 6 . Do ponto de vista do envolvimento do sistema imunológico e da participação de citocinas na PCM, uma experiência foi descrita recentemente, em que se observou uma imunodeficiên...

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Immunocytochemical localization of cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in oral mucosa and lymph nodes of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

An overview of the immunopathology of human paracoccidioidomycosis

An overview of the immunopathology of human paracoccidioidomycosis

Imunologia da paracoccidioidomicose

Paracoccidioidomicose em hemisfério cerebral e tronco encefálico: relato de caso

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