Immunocytochemical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and identification of carcinomas of unknown primary metastatic to the liver on fine-needle aspiration cytologies

Abstract

We successfully synthesized an exfoliated styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS)/montmorillonite nanocomposite by anionic polymerization. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the introduction of organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) resulted in a small high‐molecular‐weight fraction of SBS in the composites, leading to a slight increase in the weight‐average and number‐average molecular weights as well as the polydispersity index. The results from 1H‐NMR revealed that the introduction of OMMT almost did not affect the microstructure of the copolymer when the OMMT concentration was lower than 4 wt %. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction showed a completely exfoliated nanocomposite, in which both polystyrene and polybutadiene blocks entered the OMMT galleries, leading to the dispersion of OMMT layers on a nanoscale. The exfoliated nanocomposite exhibited higher thermal stability, glass‐transition temperature, elongation at break, and storage modulus than pure SBS. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006

TNFR1 determines progression of chronic liver injury in the IKKγ/Nemo genetic model

“…16 CD34 staining of 52-week-old Nemo Dhepa and Nemo Dhepa /TRAIL À / À livers revealed a strongly preserved reticulum network within a tumor, which is surrounded by individual tumor cells in a monolayered trabecular pattern, whereas in 1-year-old liver sections of Nemo Dhepa /TNFR1 À / À mice, only a low percentage of CD34-positive cells was detected ( Figure 5d). …”

The Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…2), both in normal liver and in hepatocellular carcinoma, due to the presence of a CEA-like cross-reactive substance called biliary glycoprotein I (Saad RS, 2004) (Goodman ZD, 2007) (Onofre AS, 2007) (Lau SK, 2002).…”

“…In most published series, it has been found in less than an half of hepatocellular carcinomas: for that reason, it is less useful for diagnostic purposes (Goodman ZD, 2007) (Chu PG, 2002) (Onofre AS , 2007) (Lau SK , 2002).…”

“…The panel of antibodies utilized to solve this differential diagnosis includes (tab. 2): cytokeratin 8-18 (Porcell , 2000)(Van Eyken P, 1988) Hep-Par1 (Leong AS , 1998) (Zimmerman , 2001) (Lugli A, 2004) (Minervini MI, 1997), glypican 3 (Yamauchi , 2005) (Zhu ZW et al 2001) (Capurro M et al 2003), cytokeratin 7 (Maeda , 1996) (Chu , 2000) (Durnez A et al 2006), cytokeratin 20 (Chu P, 2000) (Faa G , 1998), cytokeratin 19 (Maeda T, 1996) (Van Eyken P, 1988), CEA (Saad RS, 2004) (Goodman ZD, 2007) (Onofre AS , 2007) (Lau SK , 2002) and Alpha-fetoprotein (Onofre AS , 2007) (Lau SK , 2002) (Zhou L, 2006) (Wang L 2006). Among the numerous diagnostic immunohistochemical markers studied, alphafetoprotein (Wang L 2006), cytokeratin 7 (Durnez A et al 2006), cytokeratin 20 (Chu P et al 2000), cytokeratin 19 (Van Eyken P et al 1988), Hep-Par-1 (Zimmerman RL et al 2001) (Siddiqui MT et al 2002) and glypican 3 (Zhu ZW et al 2001) (Capurro M et al 2003) have been found to be the most valuable in the differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic tumors.…”

Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

“…Melanoma [105] , testicular germ cell tumors [106] , Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma [107] , among non-HCC malignant neoplasms, and focal [129] Expressed in HCC and in normal liver cells, but also in hepatoblastoma. useful for differential diagnosis vs cholangiocarcinoma and metastases HCC positivity 66%-100% [130][131][132][133][134][135][136] Cytokeratins Epithelial cells Useful for differential diagnosis vs cholangiocarcinoma. HCC profile: CK7/CK19/CK8/CK18 = -/ -/ + / + HCC positivity 76%-96% [97,101,104,[137][138][139][140] nodular hyperplasia, regenerative and dysplastic cirrhotic nodules, among liver benign and pre-malignant lesions, may be positive for GPC-3 [108][109][110] .…”