Immunocytochemical characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in fish

Lazzari, Maurizio; Bettini, Simone

doi:10.1007/s00429-012-0414-5

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…; Lazzari et al. ), upon comparison of zebrafish with guppy, only the intracranial olfactory nerve and olfactory nerve layer displayed similar immunostaining intensities in the two species, whereas other parts of the olfactory system were less stained in zebrafish. The olfactory nerve, olfactory nerve layer and glomerular layer appeared similarly immunostained in zebrafish and goldfish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish

Lazzari

Bettini

2013

Journal of Anatomy

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Continuous lifelong neurogenesis is typical of the vertebrate olfactory system. The regenerative ability of olfactory receptor neurons is dependent on the glial cell type specific to the olfactory pathway, designated 'olfactory ensheathing cells'. Several studies to date have focused on mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells, owing to their potential roles in cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury repair. However, limited information is available regarding this glial cell type in non-mammalian vertebrates, particularly anamniotes. In the current immunocytochemical study, we analysed the features of olfactory ensheathing cells in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Fish provide a good model for studying glial cells associated with the olfactory pathway of non-mammalian vertebrates. In particular, zebrafish has numerous valuable features that enable its use as a prime model organism for genetic, neurobiological and developmental studies, as well as toxicology and genomics research. Paraffin sections from decalcified heads of zebrafish were processed immunocytochemically to detect proteins used in the research on mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells, including glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), S100, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), polysialylated NCAM (PSA-NCAM), vimentin (VIM), p75NTR and galactin (Gal)-1. Notably, GFAP, S100, NCAM and Gal-1 were clearly observed, whereas no vimentin staining was detected. Weak immunostaining for PSA-NCAM and p75NTR was evident. Moreover the degree of marker expression was not uniform in various tracts of the zebrafish olfactory pathway. The immunostaining patterns of the zebrafish olfactory system are distinct from those of other fish to some extent, suggesting interspecific differences. We also showed that the olfactory pathway of zebrafish expresses markers of mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells. The olfactory systems of vertebrates have similarities but there are also marked variations between them. The issue of whether regional and interspecific differences in immunostaining patterns of olfactory pathway markers have functional significance requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…; Lazzari et al. ). Fish represent a good model for analysing the olfactory pathway in non‐mammalian vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish

Lazzari

Bettini

2013

Journal of Anatomy

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“…In Xenopus , GFAP immunoreactivity, likely expressed by ensheathing glia, has been described along the olfactory nerve from tadpoles to adults (Huang et al 2005) although the relation between these cells and the olfactory nerve was not cleared by the authors. In teleosts, some markers for mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells also stain the olfactory pathway (Lazzari et al 2012), but whether a glial ensheathing structure is present in the olfactory nerve of bony fishes is not well known. Present results first reporting cells with immunohistochemical and structural characteristics of OECs in a cartilaginous fish indicate that ensheathing glia is already present in the most ancient radiation of jawed vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental, tract-tracing and immunohistochemical study of the peripheral olfactory system in a basal vertebrate: insights on Pax6 neurons migrating along the olfactory nerve

2012

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The olfactory system represents an excellent model for studying different aspects of the development of the nervous system ranging from neurogenesis to mechanisms of axon growth and guidance. Important findings in this field come from comparative studies. We have analyzed key events in the development of the olfactory system of the shark Scyliorhinus canicula by combining immunohistochemical and tract-tracing methods. We describe for the first time in a cartilaginous fish an early population of pioneer HuC/D-immunoreactive (ir) neurons that seemed to delaminate from the olfactory pit epithelium and migrate toward the telencephalon before the olfactory nerve was identifiable. A distinct, transient cell population, namely the migratory mass, courses later on in apposition to the developing olfactory nerve. It contains olfactory ensheathing glial (GFAP-ir) cells and HuC/D-ir neurons, some of which course toward an extrabulbar region. We also demonstrate that Pax6-ir cells coursing along the developing olfactory pathways in S. canicula are young migrating (HuC/D and DCX-ir) neurons of the migratory mass that do not form part of the terminal nerve pathway. Evidences that these Pax6 neurons originate in the olfactory epithelium are also reported. As Pax6 neurons in the olfactory epithelium show characteristics of olfactory receptor neurons, and migrating Pax6-ir neurons formed transient corridors along the course of olfactory axons at the entrance of the olfactory bulb, we propose that these neurons could play a role as guideposts for axons of olfactory receptor neurons growing toward the olfactory bulb.

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“…The total amount of GFAP in the zebrafish brain is already reduced after 2 days of exposure to the metal by 40%, and as much as halved compared with the physiological situation after 16 days. In agreement with previous experiments made on fish brains (Alunni et al ., ; Bernardos and Raymond, ; Grupp et al ., ; Lazzari et al ., ), we observed a positivity to a load of fibres with a different course, which are present throughout the brain of zebrafish. These fibres were present where the glial extensions ran between those of the nerve cells, and there were fibres that ran radially from the encephalic ventricles to pial surfaces, which are also juxtaposed to the outer surface of blood vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroglial alterations in the zebrafish brain exposed to cadmium chloride

Antonio

Grimaldi

Ferrandino

2016

J of Applied Toxicology

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Cadmium is an extremely toxic heavy metal that widely occurs in industrial workplaces with various hazardous effects on brain functions. The cytotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl ) on the neuroglial components of the zebrafish brain were analysed by detecting the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and the mRNA levels of myelin genes mbp, mpz and plp1 in adult specimens exposed to cadmium for 2, 7 and 16 days. A significant decrease in the GFAP protein by Western blotting experiments was observed after 2 days of treatment, reaching 55% after 16 days. No change was observed in the mRNA levels. Using immunohistochemistry, a reduction in GFAP-positive structures was revealed with a progressive trend in all the brains at 2, 7 and 16 days of treatment. In particular, a considerable reduction in GFAP-positive fibres, with a different course, was observed in the ventricle areas and at the pial surface and in blood vessels after 16 days. Our experiments also showed a structural and chemical alteration of myelin and upregulation of mpz mRNA levels, the oligodendrocyte gene that is upregulated in experiments of neuronal injury, but not of plp1 and mbp mRNA levels, other myelin structural genes. These data confirm the toxic action of cadmium on the zebrafish brain. This action is time-dependent and involves the glial cells, key components of the protection and function of nerve cells, hence the basis for many neurological diseases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Immunocytochemical characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in fish

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish

Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish

Developmental, tract-tracing and immunohistochemical study of the peripheral olfactory system in a basal vertebrate: insights on Pax6 neurons migrating along the olfactory nerve

Neuroglial alterations in the zebrafish brain exposed to cadmium chloride

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