Immunocytochemical characterization of cellular infiltrate, related endothelial changes and determination of GCF acute‐phase proteins during human experimental gingivitis

Kinane, Denis F.; Adonogianaki, E.; Moughal, N. A.; Winstanley, F. P.; Mooney, John J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01660.x

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it must be recognized that considerable heterogeneity in the histological features of experimental gingivitis lesions has been reported in the literature. For example, data by Kinane et al (1991) on human gingival biopsies obtained at baseline and after 7, 14 and 21 days of experimental gingivitis demonstrated that infiltration by PMN cells, T-cells, and HLA-DR+ antigen presenting cells, as well as expression of adhesion molecules ELAM-1 and ICAM-1, all peaked at Day 7 and gradually subsided through Day 21. In contrast, the earlier work of Seymour et al (1983) demonstrated that approximately 70% of the cellular infiltrate throughout the course of experimental gingivitis consisted of T-lymphocytes, and that this proportion remained fairly constant over time despite an increase in infiltrate size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingival tissue transcriptomes in experimental gingivitis

Jönsson

Ramberg

Demmer

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Periodontology

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Aims We investigated the sequential gene expression in the gingiva during the induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Methods Twenty periodontally and systemically healthy non-smoking volunteers participated in a 3-week experimental gingivitis protocol, followed by debridement and 2-week regular plaque control. We recorded clinical indices and harvested gingival tissue samples from 4 interproximal palatal sites in half of the participants at baseline, Day 7, 14 and 21 (‘induction phase’), and at day 21, 25, 30 and 35 in the other half (‘resolution phase’). RNA was extracted, amplified, reversed transcribed, amplified, labeled and hybridized with Affymetrix Human Genome U133Plus2.0 microarrays. Paired t-tests compared gene expression changes between consecutive time points. Gene ontology analyses summarized the expression patterns into biologically relevant categories. Results The median gingival index was 0 at baseline, 2 at Day 21 and 1 at Day 35. Differential gene regulation peaked during the third week of induction and the first four days of resolution. Leukocyte transmigration, cell adhesion and antigen processing/presentation were the top differentially regulated pathways. Conclusions Transcriptomic studies enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of the reversible inflammatory gingival lesion and provide a detailed account of the dynamic tissue responses during induction and resolution of experimental gingivitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingival tissue transcriptomes in experimental gingivitis

Jönsson

Ramberg

Demmer

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical Periodontology

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“…It has been shown that the numerical density of vascular profiles in the connective tissue increases significantly subjacent to the altered epithelial lining of the periodontal pocket (11). Characteristic endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression related to leukocyte infiltration of human gingiva has been demonstrated (38,44).…”

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Functional Implication of the Hydrolysis of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD31) by Gingipains ofPorphyromonas gingivalisfor the Pathology of Periodontal Disease

et al. 2005

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Periodontitis is a response of highly vascularized tissues to the adjacent microflora of dental plaque. Progressive disease has been related to consortia of anaerobic bacteria, with the gram-negative organism Porphyromonas gingivalis particularly implicated. The gingipains, comprising a group of cysteine proteinases and associated hemagglutinin domains, are major virulence determinants of this organism. As vascular expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules is a critical determinant of tissue response to microbial challenge, the objective of this study was to determine the capacity of gingipains to modulate the expression and function of these receptors. Given the potential multifunctional role of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) in the vasculature, the effect of gingipains on PECAM-1 expression by endothelial cells was examined. Activated gingipains preferentially down-regulated PECAM-1 expression on endothelial cells compared with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, but the reduction in PECAM-1 expression was completely inhibited in the presence of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor TLCK (N␣-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone). Endothelial monolayers treated with activated gingipains demonstrated progressive intercellular gap formation that correlated with reduced intercellular junctional PECAM-1 expression as determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. This was accompanied by enhanced transfer of both albumin and neutrophils across the monolayer. The results suggest that degradation of PECAM-1 by gingipains contributes to increased vascular permeability and neutrophil flux at disease sites.

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“…Moughal et al (8) demonstrated that both E‐selectin and ICAM‐1 were expressed on endothelial cells in healthy gingiva, but ICAM‐1 was more highly expressed as inflammation developed. Kinane et al (7) suggested that in experimental gingivitis, vascular ICAM‐1 expression increased at or before day 7, coincident with the peak measurements of interleukin (IL)‐1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Studies in vitro (13) have suggested that although induction of E‐selectin on endothelia is initially rapid in the presence of inflammatory mediators, it gradually falls to a low level (10), so that no relationship is observed between the level of expression and the amount of inflammatory infiltrate in chronic gingivitis (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…ICAM-1 and E-selectin have been reported to be present on endothelial cells in gingival tissue and to be upregulated in experimental gingivitis and chronic adult periodontitis (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Moughal et al (8) demonstrated that both E-selectin and ICAM-1 were expressed on endothelial cells in healthy gingiva, but ICAM-1 was more highly expressed as inflammation developed.…”

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confidence: 99%