Immunocytochemical characteristics of cells and fibers in the nasal mucosa of young and adult macaques

Johnson, Edward W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(20000601)259:2<215::aid-ar11>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…We observed some intensely labeled PGP9.5-positive cells in the rat nasal respiratory epithelium; similar results are reported for primate nasal respiratory mucosa (Johnson et al, 1997;Johnson, 2000). These cells are likely a type of "paraneuron'' (Fujita, 1977(Fujita, , 1989.…”

Section: Pgp95-positive Structures In Respiratory Epitheliachemosenssupporting

confidence: 88%

Olfactory epithelia differentially express neuronal markers

Weiler

Benali

2005

J Neurocytol

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All three olfactory epithelia, the olfactory epithelium proper (OE), the septal organ of Masera (SO), and the vomeronasal organ of Jacobson (VNO) originate from the olfactory placode. Here, their diverse neurochemical phenotypes were analyzed using the immunohistochemical expression pattern of different neuronal markers. The olfactory bulb (OB) served as neuronal control. Neuronal Nuclei Marker (NeuN) is neither expressed in sensory neurons in any of the three olfactory epithelia, nor in relay neurons (mitral/tufted cells) of the OB. However, OB interneurons (periglomerular/granule cells) labeled, as did supranuclear structures of VNO supporting cells and VNO glands. Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5 = C-terminal ubiquitin hydrolase L1 = UCHL1) expression is exactly the opposite: all olfactory sensory neurons express PGP9.5 as do OB mitral/tufted cells but not interneurons. Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) expression is highest in the most apically located OE and SO sensory neurons and patchy in VNO. In contrast, the cytoplasm of the most basally located neurons of OE and SO immunoreacted for Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43/B50). In VNO neurons GAP-43 labeling is also nuclear. In the cytoplasm, Olfactory Marker Protein (OMP) is most intensely expressed in SO, followed by OE and least in VNO neurons; further, OMP is also expressed in the nucleus of basally located VNO neurons. OB mitral/tufted cells express OMP at low levels. Neurons closer to respiratory epithelium often expressed a higher level of neuronal markers, suggesting a role of those markers for neuronal protection against take-over. Within the VNO the neurons show clear apical-basal expression diversity, as they do for factors of the signal transduction cascade. Overall, expression patterns of the investigated neuronal markers suggest that OE and SO are more similar to each other than to VNO.

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Section: Pgp95-positive Structures In Respiratory Epitheliachemosenssupporting

confidence: 88%

Olfactory epithelia differentially express neuronal markers

Weiler

Benali

2005

J Neurocytol

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“…Nasal ndings in this work emphasize the potential impact of upper respiratory physiology and metabolic xenobiotic detoxi cation (11,19,37,62,69) upon inhaled gases and materials in the nose when the barriers are no longer intact. SWMMC children and canines show indirect evidence of attempts to restore and protect the nasal epithelium against the effects of continuous exposure to inhaled pollutants (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Air Pollution and Brain Damage

et al. 2002

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Exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants produces in ammation in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Because the nasal cavity is a common portal of entry, respiratory and olfactory epithelia are vulnerable targets for toxicological damage. This study has evaluated, by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemica l expression of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-j B) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the olfactory and respiratory nasal mucosae, olfactory bulb, and cortical and subcortical structures from 32 healthy mongrel canine residents in Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), a highly polluted urban region. Findings were compared to those in 8 dogs from Tlaxcala, a less polluted, control city. In SWMMC dogs, expression of nuclear neuronal NF-j B and iNOS in cortical endothelial cells occurred at ages 2 and 4 weeks; subsequen t damage included alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), degenerating cortical neurons, apoptotic glial white matter cells, deposition of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-positive lipid droplets in smooth muscle cells and pericytes, nonneuritic plaques, and neuro brillary tangles. Persistent pulmonary in ammation and deteriorating olfactory and respiratory barriers may play a role in the neuropatholog y observed in the brains of these highly exposed canines. Neurodegenerativ e disorders such as Alzheimer's may begin early in life with air pollutants playing a crucial role.

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“…In addition, TH-immunoreactive cells were never observed in the MES of the mouse palate, confirming the lack of reports regarding these cell types. The MES expressed CK 14 but not the calcium-binding protein calretinin, which is an established marker of fetal olfactory neurons appearing at the same stages (Bastianelli et al, 1995; Johnson, 2000), and hence cells in the MES were unlikely to originate from olfactory neurons or the otic placode; although, the vomeronasal organ, containing TH-immunoreactive cells, was located 0.5 mm anterior to the MES. The MES did not express S100 protein, which is normally present in cells derived from the neural crest (Schwann cells, melanocytes, and glial cells), chondrocytes, and adipocytes (Zimmer et al, 1995; Marenholz et al, 2004), indicating that cells in the MES do not originate from the neural crest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%