Immunocytochemical and stereological study of glucocorticoid receptors in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons and the effects of unilateral vestibular deafferentation

Zhang, Rong; Smith, Paul F.; Darlington, Cynthia L.

doi:10.1080/00016480510012291

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, the acute labyrinthine dysfunction was occurred in all rats at the 1st day after UL and static symptoms partially disappeared at the 3rd day after UL. The observations of animals’ behaviors, after UL, were in agreement with the previous report [33]. The mGluRs have been reported to be involved in long term potential and LTD.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The rest gel out of these trimmed target bands was abandoned. Comparisons between UL and sham groups were always made on the same gels and all of the assays were repeated to confirm their accuracy [33,52,53]. Then, the target proteins in the trimmed SDS gel were transferred onto PVDF membranes using a transblotting apparatus (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) for 1.5 h (mGluR2, 98 kDa; mGluR7, 102 kDa) in transfer buffer containing 20% methanol, 1.5% glycine, and 0.3% Tris-base.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changes in mGluR2 and mGluR7 Expression in Rat Medial Vestibular Nucleus and Flocculus Following Unilateral Labyrinthectomy

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2013

IJMS

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It is known that the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and the cerebellar flocculus are the key areas, which contribute to the behavioral recovery (“vestibular compensation”) after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). In these areas, how the genetic activities of the metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR7 performance after UL is unknown. With the means of quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the expression of mGluR2 and mGluR7 in the bilateral MVN and the flocculus of rats in different stages after UL (the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day). Our results show that in the MVN, the mRNA, and protein expressions of mGluR7 were ipsilaterally decreased at the 1st day following UL. However, in the MVN, no change was observed in the mRNA and protein expressions of mGluR2. On the other hand, the mRNA and protein expression of mGluR2 were enhanced in the ipsilateral flocculus at the 1st day following UL, while in the flocculus no change was shown in mGluR7 mRNA and protein expressions. Our results suggest that mGluR2 and mGluR7 may contribute to the early rebalancing of spontaneous resting activity in the MVN.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changes in mGluR2 and mGluR7 Expression in Rat Medial Vestibular Nucleus and Flocculus Following Unilateral Labyrinthectomy

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2013

IJMS

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“…We found that corticosterone levels were similar between BVD and sham rats, suggesting that the BVD rats were not abnormally stressed. These results are consistent with those from our previous studies 26–29 . This does not rule out the possibility that humans with BVD have high circulating glucocorticoid levels.…”

Section: Animal Studies Of the Emotional Effects Of Vestibular Impairsupporting

confidence: 92%

Anxiety‐Related Behavior and Biogenic Amine Pathways in the Rat following Bilateral Vestibular Lesions

Darlington

Goddard

Zheng

et al. 2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Many clinical studies have reported that patients with vestibular disorders have a high rate of anxiety disorders and depression. By contrast, there have been few studies of affective behavior in animals following vestibular lesions. Recent studies using the vestibular impaired ci2/ci2 mutant rat strain have shown that rather than preferring the closed arm of the elevated plus maze, as rats would normally, they make more open-arm entries and spend more time on the open arms compared to wild-type controls. In the open-field maze, rather than preferring to explore the outer zone near the walls ("thigmotaxis"), ci2/ci2 rats prefer the inner region of the maze. In rats with bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD), similar results were obtained. Compared to sham controls, at 3 and 5 months post-op, BVD rats spent more time on the open arms of the elevated plus maze, more time in the inner zone of the open-field maze, and failed to learn inhibitory avoidance in the elevated T maze. They did not display increased hyponeophagia; however, they did exhibit a decrease in social interaction. Blood corticosterone levels were not significantly different from sham controls. At 6 months post-op, BVD rats demonstrated circumscribed changes in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the serotonin transporter, and tryptophan hydroxylase, in various regions of the medial temporal and frontal lobes, suggesting changes in biogenic amine pathways.

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“…No longterm studies have been carried out in patients with chronic bilateral vestibular loss. Several studies of UVD and BVD in rats and guinea pigs have found no long-term changes in either glucocorticoid levels or their receptors (Gliddon et al, 2003;Lindsay et al, 2005;Russell et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2005Zhang et al, , 2008. Vertigo artificially induced in control subjects by caloric irrigation of the external auditory canal has been shown to cause an increase in cortisol levels (Daglias et al, 2005); however, it is unknown whether this has any effect on cognition.…”

Section: Why Should Manipulation Of the Vestibular System Have Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Move it or lose it—Is stimulation of the vestibular system necessary for normal spatial memory?

2009

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Studies in both experimental animals and human patients have demonstrated that peripheral vestibular lesions, especially bilateral lesions, are associated with spatial memory impairment that is long-lasting and may even be permanent. Electrophysiological evidence from animals indicates that bilateral vestibular loss causes place cells and theta activity to become dysfunctional; the most recent human evidence suggests that the hippocampus may cause atrophy in patients with bilateral vestibular lesions. Taken together, these studies suggest that self-motion information provided by the vestibular system is important for the development of spatial memory by areas of the brain such as the hippocampus, and when it is lost, spatial memory is impaired. This naturally suggests the converse possibility that activation of the vestibular system may enhance memory. Surprisingly, there is some human evidence that this may be the case. This review considers the relationship between the vestibular system and memory and suggests that the evolutionary age of this primitive sensory system as well as how it detects self-motion (i.e., detection of acceleration vs. velocity) may be the reasons for its unique contribution to spatial memory.

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Immunocytochemical and stereological study of glucocorticoid receptors in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons and the effects of unilateral vestibular deafferentation

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

The Changes in mGluR2 and mGluR7 Expression in Rat Medial Vestibular Nucleus and Flocculus Following Unilateral Labyrinthectomy

The Changes in mGluR2 and mGluR7 Expression in Rat Medial Vestibular Nucleus and Flocculus Following Unilateral Labyrinthectomy

Anxiety‐Related Behavior and Biogenic Amine Pathways in the Rat following Bilateral Vestibular Lesions

Move it or lose it—Is stimulation of the vestibular system necessary for normal spatial memory?

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