Immunocytochemical analysis of the transport of arginine analogues into nitrergic neurons and other cells in the retina and pituitary

Pow, David V.; Crook, Denise K.

doi:10.1007/s004410050957

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In TR-MUL5 cells, uptake rate of glycine and L-arginine was much faster than that of D-mannitol, suggesting that some neutral and cationic amino acid transporters actively transport these amino acids. This evidence is consistent with previous reports (Pow and Crook, 1997;Gadea et al, 1999;Reye et al, 2001). Glycine transport appears to take place via Glyt-1 and/or system A in the primary cultured M€ uller cells (Gadea et al, 1999;Reye et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

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Evidence for creatine biosynthesis in Müller glia

Nakashima

Tomi

Tachikawa

et al. 2005

Glia

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In high-energy metabolic tissues like the retina, creatine may play an important role in energy storage and in transmission of phosphate-bound energy substrates. To prove this, we investigated creatine synthesis in Müller glia. We also characterized the localization of the creatine synthetic enzyme, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) in the retina. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase and GAMT mRNAs were expressed in the retina and the Müller cell line, TR-MUL5. [(14)C]Creatine was detected after incubation of isolated rat retina or TR-MUL5 cells with [(14)C]glycine, L-arginine and L-methionine, suggesting creatine synthesis in Müller glia. Western blot analysis also revealed expression of GAMT protein in the rat retina and TR-MUL5 cells. Furthermore, confocal immunofluorescent microscopy of dual-labeled rat retinal sections demonstrated co-localization of GAMT with glutamine synthetase. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate creatine synthesis in Müller glia, implying an important role of creatine in energy metabolism in the retina.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Glycine transport appears to take place via Glyt-1 and/or system A in the primary cultured M€ uller cells (Gadea et al, 1999;Reye et al, 2001). L-Arginine transport may occur in retinal M€ uller glia (Pow and Crook, 1997). In contrast, Reye et al (2001) reported that Glyt-1 is not expressed in M€ uller glia in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evidence for creatine biosynthesis in Müller glia

Nakashima

Tomi

Tachikawa

et al. 2005

Glia

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“…Previous studies of the CNS reported that larginine is immunohistochemically localized mainly in glial cells, and l-citrulline and NOS are localized in neurons. 23,28,29 Furthermore, the synthesis of l-arginine from arginosuccinate by arginosuccinate lyase has been demonstrated in the CNS, and it is more concentrated in glial cells than in neurons. 23 Therefore, l-arginine is present in the glial cells of the CNS, and it is important for NO formation that larginine is transported from the glial cells to the neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Contribution of Nitric Oxide-Producing Cells in Normal and Diabetic Rat Retina

Goto

Doi

et al. 2005

Jpn J Ophthalmol

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“…If this is also true for kainate-induced seizures or convulsive epilepsy still remains to be determined. The discrepancies reported concerning this last aspect are, at least partly, due to the use of inadequate NOS inhibitor such as L-NAME (10,13,14), which does not fully cross the blood-brain barrier ( 5 ) and is not easily taken up by NOS containing neurons (23). The antagonistic characters existing between SWDs and PS, evidenced in quantifying the polygraphic recordings over a full nychthemeron (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and Epilepsy: A Key Role for Nitric Oxide?

Faradji¹,

Rousset²,

Debilly³

et al. 2000

Epilepsia

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Summary:Purpose: It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in sleep mechanisms and in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Data are, however, controversial because it is not clear whether NO facilitates sleep or waking, or whether it exerts pro-or antiepileptic influences.Methods: The question was considered through NO voltammetric measurements and electroencephalographic recordings performed in GAERS rats (Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg): an experimental model of "petit-mal" human disease. Regulatory processes of sleep and epilepsy were studied after administration of a NO synthase inhibitor LL-arginine-pnitroanilide (L-ANA) 100 mg/kg i.p.1, a NO donor (SIN-] 100 ng/2 pl i.c.v.), and the antiepileptic drugs used in clinic [valproate (VPA 200 mg/kg i.p.) and ethosuximide (ESM 100 mg/ kg i.p.)I.Results: In GAERS rats, spontaneous circadian organizations of spike-wave discharges and paradoxical sleep (PS) occur in an opposite way; spontaneous NO concentrations are higher during seizures than during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep, and PS, respectively. L-ANA induces a disappearance of NO peak, an epileptic induction, and a loss of PS while SIN-I induces opposite effects. Antiepileptic effects of VPA and ESM are associated with a PS increase and a significant release of NO.Conclusions: These results indicate that NO could be, in GAERS rats, a central piece in the reciprocal inhibitory mechanisms regulating the induction of PS and spike-wave discharges. NO could prevent absence epilepsy and act as an antiepileptic substance in facilitating PS. Antiepileptic efficiency of VPA and ESM may work through their ability to release NO. A track for a new treatment of petit-ma1 disease in children can be envisioned. Key Words: GAERS ratElectroencephalography-Voltammetry-NO sensorAntiepileptic drugs.Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous compound produced in brain neuronal elements equimolarly with citrulline and through biochemical processes involving calmodulin/ Ca2+-dependent NO synthase (NOS) (1,2). NO is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including regulation of the sleep-wake cycle (3-9) and the electroencephalographic manifestation of epilepsy (10-14). Data reported with respect to sleep, wakefulness (W), and epilepsy are controversial because it is not clear whether NO is associated with the maintenance of sleep or wakefulness, whether it acts as a proor an antiepileptic substance (convulsions or absence seizures). Contrasting conclusions relate both to absence seizures (12) and convulsive phenomena elicited either by electrical stimulation (13) For clarification, we used the animal model of GAERS rats (Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg) (15), known to exhibit spontaneous seizures characterized by the occurrence of spike-wave discharges (SWDs). These SWDs are phenomena prevalent in cortical and thalamic structures (16) occurring, at least partly, through GABAergic (17) and glutamatergic processes (18). For our purpose, we analyzed in GAERS rats the part played by NO ...

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Immunocytochemical analysis of the transport of arginine analogues into nitrergic neurons and other cells in the retina and pituitary

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Evidence for creatine biosynthesis in Müller glia

Evidence for creatine biosynthesis in Müller glia

Contribution of Nitric Oxide-Producing Cells in Normal and Diabetic Rat Retina

Sleep and Epilepsy: A Key Role for Nitric Oxide?

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