Immunocompetent truncated E2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) expressed in Nicotiana tabacum plants: A candidate antigen for new generation of veterinary vaccines

Silica vesicles as nanocarriers and adjuvants for generating both antibody and T-cell mediated immune resposes to Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus E2 protein

“…BVDV causes serious mucosal lesions and clinical disorders such as reproductive loss, congenital defects and persistent infections [1,2]. An economic analysis in 2009 has shown that yearly losses due to BVDV could reach approximately US$88 per animal [3].…”

Generation of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E0 Protein in TransgenicAstragalusand Its Immunogenicity in Sika Deer

“…The resulting powder was resuspended in 1 mL extraction buffer (0.24 g/L KH 2 PO 4 , 1.44 g/L Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.2 g/L KCl, 8 g/L NaCl, 10  μ g/mL leupeptin, 5 mM PMSF, 50 mM EDTA, and pH 7.0–7.2) as previously described [27]. The mixture was centrifuged at 12,000 g for 20 min at 4°C, and the protein concentration was measured by the Bradford protein assay [34] in 1 mL of the supernatant using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard.…”

“…The vaccines were prepared as previously described [27]. Briefly, montanide ISA 70 SEPPIC and Al (OH) 3 hydrogel were used as the adjuvant in oil vaccine and in aqueous vaccine.…”

“…Up to now, several types of plant species have been used as antigen-delivery systems for subunit vaccines [25, 26]. For example, the truncated glycoprotein BVDV E2 has been expressed in N. tabacum leaves and subsequently showed high reactivity in virus neutralization test [27]. …”

Bovine viral diarrhea: review

“…O terminal C da glicoproteína E2 inclui um domínio transmembranar de aproximadamente 30 aminoácidos, que ancora à membrana das células infectadas pelo vírus. A glicoproteína E2 é o maior alvo da resposta imune protetora contra a infecção provocada pelo BVDV (NELSON et al, 2012). VIU, M.A.O.…”