Immunocompetence in the Lowest Metazoan Phylum: Transplantation Immunity in Sponges

Hildemann, W. H.; Johnson, Ian S.; Jokiel, Paul L.

doi:10.1126/science.441730

Cited by 163 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As first pointed out by Van de Vyver (10), since sponges do also reproduce asexually, either regenerating viable individuals from fragments or through the production of gemmules or buds, they can generate clones of genetically identical but anatomically distinct individuals. The results presented above confirm an extensive polymorphism of histocompatibility molecules in sponges already observed by other authors (18,41).…”

Section: Northern Blots Of Human Poly(a)supporting

confidence: 79%

“…3A, center), formed by the deposition of a collagen layer and the massive migration of gray cells, which are suspected to be involved in the sponge immune response (42). The speed of this reaction reproducibly varied depending on the individual combination, and while in some cases rejection was clearly visible after 6 h, other pairings did not react before 24 h. Such a range of responses has also been observed in grafting experiments with the tropical sponge Callyspongia diffusa (41) and with the coral Montipora verru- ϩ RNA/lane were hybridized to the MAFp3 RNA probe (top parts). Without stripping of the probe, the membranes were hybridized with a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA probe (GAPDH, bottom parts).…”

Section: Northern Blots Of Human Poly(a)mentioning

confidence: 63%

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The Main Protein of the Aggregation Factor Responsible for Species-specific Cell Adhesion in the Marine Sponge Microciona prolifera Is Highly Polymorphic

Fernàndez‐Busquets

Burger

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Species-specific cell recognition in sponges, the oldest living metazoans, is based on a proteoglycan-like aggregation factor. We have screened individual sponge cDNA libraries, identifying multiple related forms for the aggregation factor core protein (MAFp3). Northern blots show the presence in several human tissues of transcripts strongly binding a MAFp3-specific probe. The open reading frame for MAFp3 is not interrupted in the 5 direction, revealing variable protein sequences that contain numerous introns equally spaced. We have studied tissue histocompatibility within a sponge population, finding 100% correlation between rejection behavior and the individual-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern using aggregation factorrelated probes. PCR amplifications with specific primers showed that at least some of the MAFp3 forms are allelic and distribute in the population used. A pronounced polymorphism is also observed when analyzing purified aggregation factor in polyacrylamide gels. Protease digestion of the polymorphic glycosaminoglycancontaining bands indicates that glycans are also responsible for the variability. The data presented reveal a high polymorphism of aggregation factor components, which matches the elevated sponge alloincompatibility, suggesting an involvement of the cell adhesion system in sponge allogeneic reactions.

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Section: Northern Blots Of Human Poly(a)supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Northern Blots Of Human Poly(a)mentioning

confidence: 63%

The Main Protein of the Aggregation Factor Responsible for Species-specific Cell Adhesion in the Marine Sponge Microciona prolifera Is Highly Polymorphic

Fernàndez‐Busquets

Burger

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Immunological memory is a mechanism by which a host can distinguish non-self from self and resist infection by previously encountered pathogenic microorganisms (Sinderman 1990). Memory has been observed in scleractinian and gorgonian corals (Theodor 1970, 1977a, 1980a, Raison et al 1976, Johnston et al 1981, Bak & Criens 1982, Neigel & Avise 1983, sponges (Hildemann et al 1979, 1980b, Hildemann & Linthicum 1981, Johnston & Hildemann 1983, echinoderms (Karp & Hildemann 1976, Hildemann et al 1979), mollusks, crustaceans (Anderson 1986, Sinderman 1990, tunicates (Lakshma Reddy et al 1975, Raftos et al 1987, nemerteans (Langlet & Bierne 1982), and annelids (Hildemann et al 1979).…”

Section: Coral Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals

Sutherland¹,

Porter²,

Torres³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

492

509

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Since the mid-1990s, coral diseases have increased in number, species affected, and geographic extent. To date, 18 coral diseases, affecting at least 150 scleractinian, gorgonian, and hydrozoan zooxanthellate species, have been described from the Caribbean and the Indo-Pacific. These diseases are associated with pathogens including bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and protists and with abiotic stressors including elevated seawater temperature, sedimentation, eutrophication, and pollution. Etiologies of only 5 of the 18 coral diseases have been determined through fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Corals and other invertebrates utilize innate immune mechanisms including physiochemical barriers and cellular and humoral defenses against pathogens. Here we review the described coral diseases, known etiologies, and efforts to determine unknown etiologies. We define disease terms, discuss the limitations of Koch's postulates, describe alternative techniques for identifying disease-causing organisms, and review coral immunology.

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“…Allogeneic transplantation studies have shown that memory and specificity, two important characteristics of vertebrate immune responses, are possessed by echi noderms (Karp and Hildemann, 1976;Coffaro and Hinegardner, 1977;Coffaro, 1980), as well as by members of other invertebrate phyla (sponges, Hildemann et al, 1979;cnidarians, Hildemann et al, 1977;annelids, Cooper, 1970). Any role of memory and specificity in invertebrate internal defenses to potentially infectious agents has yet to be identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECHINODERM IMMUNOLOGY: BACTERIAL CLEARANCE BY THE SEA URCHIN STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS

Yui¹,

Bayne²

1983

The Biological Bulletin

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Characteristics of bacterial clearance were investigated in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Primary clearance Id netics were determined for three bacteria, a marine Gram negative motile rod, a marine Gram positive non-motile rod, and a Gram negative freshwater fish patho gen, Aeromonas salmonicida. Q@nce kinetics differed for each of the three bac teria. Secondary clearance rates were not significantly different from primary clear ance rates for any of the three bacteria, regardless of the time interval between inoculations (9-21 days), implying a probable absence of immunologic memory. During primary clearance, total coelomocyte counts declined 93% by 90 mm post injection. All four coelomocyte types declined, however the relative proportions of each type changed during the six-hour sampling period. In cell-free coelomic fluid, viable counts of marine bacteria declined, with different kinetics for the two species. Viable counts in sea water controls did not change. Declines in viable counts may be due to bactericidal activity and/or agglutination, although bacterial agglutination was not observed.

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Immunocompetence in the Lowest Metazoan Phylum: Transplantation Immunity in Sponges

Cited by 163 publications

References 13 publications

The Main Protein of the Aggregation Factor Responsible for Species-specific Cell Adhesion in the Marine Sponge Microciona prolifera Is Highly Polymorphic

The Main Protein of the Aggregation Factor Responsible for Species-specific Cell Adhesion in the Marine Sponge Microciona prolifera Is Highly Polymorphic

Disease and immunity in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific zooxanthellate corals

ECHINODERM IMMUNOLOGY: BACTERIAL CLEARANCE BY THE SEA URCHIN STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS

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