Immunochromatographic Test with Recombinant Em18 Antigen for the Follow-Up Study of Alveolar Echinococcosis

Sako, Yasuhito; Tappe, Dennis; Fukuda, Kenta; Kobayashi, Yuki; Itoh, Sonoyo; Frosch, Matthias; Grüner, Beate; Kern, Peter; Itō, Akira

doi:10.1128/cvi.05156-11

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All but one patient with AE had received medical therapy with albendazole (median: 2 years, range 10 days to 8 years), and 10/11 were still receiving albendazole at the time of performing the whole‐blood test, whereas in one patient the treatment was discontinued 3 years before performing the whole‐blood test; 4 had undergone nonradical surgical resection of liver lesions. Unfortunately, the activity of these infections at the time of the study could not be defined using positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose integrated with computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT); however, all but 2 patients could be considered having active infection from the results of serology followed over time (AE1 and AE6; Table ) . Serology results at the time of performing the whole‐blood test were as follows: 9/12 AE subjects were tested with HCF‐EIA and EgP‐EIA, and among them 7/9 had positive results in both tests; a positive AgB‐EITB result was found in 3/3 patients; positive results to Em2plus and to Em18 were found in 7/9 and 4/5 AE patients, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species specificity preliminary evaluation of an IL‐4‐based test for the differential diagnosis of human echinococcosis

Petrone

Albrich

Tamarozzi

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is based on imaging, while serology is a complementary test of particular use when imaging is inconclusive. Serology has several limitations. Among them, false‐positive results are often obtained in subjects with alveolar echinococcosis (AE), rendering difficult the differential diagnosis. We set up an immune assay based on IL‐4‐specific production after stimulating whole blood with an antigen B (AgB)‐enriched fraction from E granulosus that associates with CE and CE cysts in active stage. We aimed to evaluate potential cross‐reactivity of this test using samples from patients with AE. Twelve patients with AE were recruited; IL‐4 levels ranged from 0 to 0.07 pg/mL. Based on the previously identified cut‐off of 0.39 pg/mL using samples from patients with CE, none of samples from AE patients scored positive. In contrast, almost 80% of samples from AE patients scored positive in serology tests based on different E granulosus‐derived antigenic preparations. Our preliminary data show that this experimental whole‐blood assay has no cross‐reactivity in our cohort of patients with AE, in turn indicating a high specificity of the assay for CE diagnosis. This result supports further work towards the development of improved diagnostic tests for CE.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species specificity preliminary evaluation of an IL‐4‐based test for the differential diagnosis of human echinococcosis

Petrone

Albrich

Tamarozzi

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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“…These new antigens have a better performance than their predecessors and are more reproducible across populations, improving test reliability and allowing a better test standardization (6,9,11,13). Recombinant antigen B8/ 1(rAgB) seems to have a good diagnostic performance in an ELISA format with sensitivity between 94.6% and 95.8, and specificity between 93.9% and 100% (13,14).Immunochromatographic testing (ICT) has demonstrated good performance in comparison with the ELISA format for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis (15,16). ICT is a simple, rapid, and reliable method which, unlike standard ELISA methods, does not require equipment and trained personal, both of which are difficult to find in remote areas (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Immunochromatographic testing (ICT) has demonstrated good performance in comparison with the ELISA format for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis (15,16). ICT is a simple, rapid, and reliable method which, unlike standard ELISA methods, does not require equipment and trained personal, both of which are difficult to find in remote areas (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a New Immunochromatographic Test Using Recombinant Antigen B8/1 for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis

et al. 2015

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i Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is based on the identification of the cyst(s) by imaging, using immunodiagnostic tests mainly as complementary tools in clinical settings. Among the antigens used for immunodiagnosis, previous studies described a good performance of the recombinant antigen B8/1 (rAgB) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format; however, in remote parts of areas where the disease is endemic, the implementation of an ELISA is difficult, so a more simple, rapid, and reliable method such as the immunochromatographic test (ICT) is required. In this study, using a set of 50 serum samples from patients with surgically confirmed CE, we compared the performance of an ICT and that of an ELISA using the rAgB. The overall sensitivities of ICT and ELISA were not statistically different (78% versus 72%; P ‫؍‬ 0.36). The overall agreement between both tests was moderate ( ‫؍‬ 0.41; P < 0.01). Concordance between ICT and ELISA was substantial or almost perfect for patients with liver involvement ( ‫؍‬ 0.65; P < 0.001) and patients with more than one hydatid cyst ( ‫؍‬ 0.82; P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, specificity analysis using a total of 88 serum samples from healthy individuals (n ‫؍‬ 20) and patients (n ‫؍‬ 68) with other parasitic infections revealed that ICT had a specificity of 89.8%. ICT and ELISA had similar performance for the detection of specific antibodies to E. granulosus, and ICT had a high specificity, opening the possibility of using ICT as a screening tool in rural settings. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This zoonosis has a worldwide distribution, being considered a public health problem in areas dedicated to the raising of livestock where CE is endemic (1). In these areas, risk factors such as access of dogs to contaminated viscera and close contact between infected dogs and humans facilitate and maintain the transmission of the disease (2, 3). Humans are infected by the accidental ingestion of the tapeworm eggs, which can develop to the larval stage (hydatid cyst) in any internal organ after several years. The organs more frequently involved are the liver and the lungs, representing ϳ70% and ϳ20% of cases, respectively (4). Diagnosis of CE is based on the identification of the hydatid cyst(s) by imaging methods (e.g., abdominal ultrasound, chest X ray, or computed tomography) (5). Immunodiagnostic tools are of use in clinical settings as a complementary diagnostic tool and have quite variable performance, which depends on the antigen or technique used and is affected by certain disease characteristics, such as cyst location and presence of cyst rupture or aggregated bacterial infection (6-9).Among the antigens used for immunodiagnostic, hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) has been the one most widely used. Antibody-detecting assays using HCF report sensitivities between 75% and 95% with poor specificity and frequent cross-reactions (5, 9-11). More recently, synthetic peptides or recombi...

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“…Generally antibody titers increase upon relapse, but this does not always occur (Lawn et al 2004;Zarzosa et al 1999;Gollackner et al 2000). In AE, antibodies against Em18 have been shown to correlate best with activity of the disease (Tappe et al 2009(Tappe et al , 2010Sako et al 2011). …”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Echinococcosis

Tamarozzi

Brunetti

Vuitton

2014

Helminth Infections and Their Impact on Global Public Health

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are zoonoses of great medical and veterinary importance, caused by Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, respectively. The life cycle of these parasites develops between the dog and other canids, which harbor the adult tapeworm in the intestine, and mammal intermediate hosts (including humans as dead-end occasional hosts) where the larval form, or metacestode, develops in different organs.The impact of CE and AE on human health is important, with an estimated 1.2 million people affected and 3.6 million DALYs lost globally for CE and 666,434 DALYs for AE.We describe epidemiology, host's immune response to parasite, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of both CE and AE.

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Immunochromatographic Test with Recombinant Em18 Antigen for the Follow-Up Study of Alveolar Echinococcosis

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Species specificity preliminary evaluation of an IL‐4‐based test for the differential diagnosis of human echinococcosis

Species specificity preliminary evaluation of an IL‐4‐based test for the differential diagnosis of human echinococcosis

Evaluation of a New Immunochromatographic Test Using Recombinant Antigen B8/1 for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis

Echinococcosis

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