Immunochemistry of O and R antigens of Salmonella and related Enterobacteriaceae.

Lüderitz, Otto; Staub, A. M.; Westphal, Otto

doi:10.1128/mmbr.30.1.192-255.1966

Cited by 390 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The outer dialysate contained 2.2 P, 5.6 Oi0 N and heptose as the most characteristic sugar component [22]. Since heptose is the typical component of the polysaccharide core [17], the outer dialysate represents a partially degraded core portion of the polysaccharide moiety. Both fractions were soluble in distilled water.…”

Section: Isolation Of Conjugated Protein and Corresponding Tryptic Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the chemical composition and structure of conjugated protein is not known, it has been tacitly assumed [17] that the possible presence of lipid A in conjugated protein represents the only difference between this protein fraction and simple protein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarity of the molar ratios of amino acids, distribution of tryptic peptides and immunological properties demonstrated clearly the identity of the protein moieties of simple and conjugated proteins. It has been suggested recently [17] that the presence of lipid A in the conjugated protein represents the only difference between these two protein fragments. However, results of our studies show that conjugated and simple proteins are not distinct by the presence or absence of lipid A, but rather by the presence of a larger or smaller segment of lipid A linked to the protein moiety.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Protein Moiety of Endotoxin from Gram‐Negative Bacteria

Wober

Alaupovic

1971

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Conjugated protein isolated from the endotoxin complex of Xerratia marcescens 08 by lo/, acetic acid hydrolysis was characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation, electrophoretic and immunological properties and chemical analysis. The chemical composition of conjugated protein and other degraded fragments of endotoxin showed that all characteristic constituents of lipid A were present exclusively in conjugated protein. Successive treatment of conjugated protein with trypsin and pronase resulted in the isolation of corresponding tryptic and pronase cores which were characterized by an increased content of lipid A constituents. Lipid A was separated as an entity from the conjugated protein only after hydrolysis with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. This result confirms our previous proposal that lipid A is covalently linked to the protein moiety in whole endotoxin of S. marcescens 08. "Conjugated" protein isolated by acetic acid hydrolysis and "simple" protein prepared by hot aqueous phenol treatment of whole endotoxin differ from one another not by the presence or absence of lipid A but rather by the presence of the entire lipid A moiety in the conjugated protein and only a fragment of lipid A in the simple protein.Conjugated protein and its tryptic and pronase cores were immunogenic and possessed a common antigenic determinant with simple protein and its corresponding cores. Toxicity studies revealed that both conjugated and simple proteins retained to different degrees the toxic properties of whole endotoxin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate had an enhancing rather than diminishing effect on the toxicity of endotoxin and its various fragments. The importance of lipid A as the toxic factor of endotoxins was established not only indirectly by determining the toxicity of each fragment containing lipid A, but also directly by demonstrating that lipid A dispersed in a Tris-dodecyl sulfate buffer displayed toxic properties similar to those of the lipopolysaccharide preparation.Morgan and Partridge [l --31 demonstrated that hydrolysis of whole endotoxin of Shigella dysenteriae by lo/, acetic acid resulted in the isolation of the so-called conjugated protein which may be converted into simple protein by treatment with either goo/,, phenol or 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. Because conjugated protein from Shigella pradysenteriae retained the typical toxic properties, Goebel and his coworkers [4,5] have referred to protein preparations isolated by lo/, acetic acid hydrolysis as toxic proteins. Since tryptic digestion of the intact endotoxin and of toxic protein did not destroy the toxic component, authors concluded that the toxin is either not a protein or that it represents a portion of the protein resistant to the action of proteolytic enzymes. The suggested existence of a toxic component other A preliminary report of this study was presented at the 158th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September, 1969. than protein and polysaccharide marked the beginning not only of an extensive search for but also of a lastin...

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Section: Isolation Of Conjugated Protein and Corresponding Tryptic Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the Protein Moiety of Endotoxin from Gram‐Negative Bacteria

Wober

Alaupovic

1971

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…(Received July lO/September 1,1970) When the lipopolysaccharides of two Salmonella R mutants were hydrolyzed in 0.5 N HC1 a t 37" for 7 to 24 h, a previously undescribed sugar was liberated. This sugar has been identified as 4-amino-4-deoxy-~-arabinose by comparison of the free amino sugar, its two reduced derivatives, its two N-acetylated derivatives, and its methyl glycoside with the authentic amino sugar and its corresponding derivatives on thin layer, gas liquid, and column chromatography.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of 4‐Amino‐4‐deoxy‐l‐arabinose as a Constituent in Salmonella Lipopolysaccharide Preparations

Volak

Galanos

Lüderitz

1970

European Journal of Biochemistry

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When the lipopolysaccharides of two Salmonella R mutants were hydrolyzed in 0.5 N HC1 at 37° for 7 to 24 h, a previously undescribed sugar was liberated. This sugar has been identified as 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐l‐arabinose by comparison of the free amino sugar, its two reduced derivatives, its two N‐acetylated derivatives, and its methyl glycoside with the authentic amino sugar and its corresponding derivatives on thin layer, gas liquid, and column chromatography. A survey of about 50 enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides revealed that this amino sugar is present in a large percentage of the preparations. The preparation of 4‐amino‐4‐deoxyarabinose by the reduction and limited periodate oxidation of 2‐amino‐2‐deoxymannose is described.

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“…In 1966, Lüderitz et al (71) reported on the structural similarities of the core portions of Gram-negative cell wall LPS in Salmonella sp. and other related Enterobacteriaceae.…”

Section: Core Lps Of Gram-negative Bacterial Endotoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%