Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Kabat, Elvin A.; Bendich, Adrianne; Bezer, Ada E.; Beiser, Sam M.

doi:10.1084/jem.85.6.685

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The data presented clearly establish (Tables I to Ill) that blood group A and O substances from hog stomach and the A and B substances from human saliva show an increased capacity to precipitate Type XIV antipneumococcal antibody after heating at 100 ° at pH 1.5-2.0 although their blood group activity is lost by this treatment. These observations suggest a similarity of structural pattern between these various substances which provides the basis for this behavior; similarities in chemical composition have already been noted (3,8,10) and a sample of A substance from human saliva was shown to contain fucose. Study of the chemical changes associated with this mild hydrolysis, in the case of hog 15 (chiefly A substance) and hog 29 ((3 substance), showed that the predominant change was the liberation of about four-fifths and twothirds of the fucose respectively in a dialyzable form.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Kabat

Baer

Bezer

et al. 1948

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. The effect of heating at varying pH on the cross-reactivity of hog blood group A and 0 substances with Type XIV antibody has been investigated. The hydrolysis of blood group A, B, and O substances from hog and human sources at pH 1.5–1.8 resulted in destruction of blood group activity and a marked increase in cross-reactivity with Type XIV antipneumococcus horse serum. 2. Analysis revealed the liberation of reducing sugar, most of which was dialyzable. It was further shown that the major part of the reducing sugar was fucose with small amounts of free and polymerized galactose and glucosamine. Non-glucosamine nitrogen, probably amino acids, also was found in the dialysate. 3. Paper chromatographic separation of the concentrated dialysate confirmed the presence of fucose and showed that the majority of the galactose and glucosamine occurred in polymeric form. 4. Quantitative analysis of the substances isolated from the paper showed good recovery of the various components, indicating that practically all of the material in the dialysate could be accounted for. 5. The methylpentose of human blood group A substance was identified as fucose. 6. The structure of the blood group substances is interpreted in terms of these results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The hog and human blood group substances employed were those described in earlier studies (3,8,10 The stability of the Type XIV activity of blood group A and O substances after heating at various pH was studied as follows: To 1.50 ml. samples of a saline solution containing 2.00 rag.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Kabat

Baer

Bezer

et al. 1948

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…That there was possible maternal contribution to the ABH blood group activity of the amniotic fluid in some cases have been reported [4,6,7]. Freda [4] found in his study that only when the mother was a secretor could her blood group substances be found in the amniotic fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Lewis and ABH Substances in Amniotic Fluid Obtained by Amniocentesis

Arcilla

Sturgeon

1972

Pediatr Res

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ExtractWhen eight amniotic fluid samples obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis at various ages of gestation (15-38 weeks) were tested, Lewis substances were present in considerable concentration as early as 15 weeks of gestation. The amniotic Lewis substances found corresponded to the Lewis and secretor phenotypes of the fetus ascertained by determination of the erythrocyte and salivary phenotypes of the motherinfant pairs after delivery. These findings indicate strongly that the amniotic Lewis substances are exclusively of fetal origin. Although not conclusive, the data also indicate that the amniotic ABH substances are the expression of the fetal ABH and secretor status. SpeculationThis preliminary study shows that the fetal Lewis and secretor phenotype can be determined antenatally by amniocentesis. This information could be clinically significant in the prenatal detection of hereditary conditions exhibiting linkage to the Lewis and secretor loci. In further research on this subject, Lewis phenotypes of erythrocytes in infants should be determined at appropriate postnatal age with due consideration for the maturation process and differential tissue expressivity of the Lewis and secretor gene systems. Amniotic fluid samples should be obtained preferably by transabdominal amniocentesis to avoid contamination by maternal secretions and saliva from infants should be obtained several days postnatally.

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“…Cyst 14 fucose eluate and Cyst 14 effluent are fractions from Cyst 14 phenol insoluble separated by affinity chromatography on Lotus-Sepharose (30). An A2 substance prepared from human saliva W. G. phenol insoluble was also available (31). Hog blood group A substance, hog gastric mucin (HGM) GalNAc eluate was also used; it reacts like human A1 substances (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochemical studies on blood groups LXVI. Competitive binding assays of A1 and A2 blood group substances with insolubilized anti-A serum and insolubilized A agglutinin from Dolichos biflorus.

Kisailus¹,

Kabat²

1978

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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There are conflicting views on the nature of subgroups A, and A2 of blood group A, One holds that the same determinants are present on either, but that there are fewer determinants on A2 than on A, erythrocytes. Soluble A2 and A, substances would thus have the same kinds of determinants, but in different numbers. The A1 and A2 transferases are different enzymes, but the A2 enzyme is less efficient than the A, transferase, but it has the same specificity (1) in adding terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl residues to precursor blood group H oligosaccharide side chains. Such a difference in enzymatic activity has been proposed to be responsible for the H activity of A2 cells (2). A population of those anti-A, antibodies which do not agglutinate A2 erythrocytes is known and has been prepared from the purified IgM fraction of anti-A sera by absorption with A2 erythrocytes, but not from the IgG fractions of the same sera (3). Such anti-A antibodies have been assumed (3) to have a low affinity so that if they use only one of their ten valences per erythrocyte, they would be unable to hold two erythmcytes together. The anti-A, antibodies are hypothesized to agglutinate A, erythrocytes which have receptors that are more numerous and closer together, so that each erythrocyte could be bound by two or more of the combining sites of each antibody molecule.The other concept, based predominantly on immunochemical studies with A1 and A2 glycoproteins, favors a qualitative difference (4). Absorption with insolubilized polyleucyl A2 substance did not remove all of the anti-A, but left anti-A~; had all determinants been present on A2 as well as on A~ substances, no anti-A~ should have remained.Since several different determinants on soluble blood group A substances have been found (5, 6, 7), a basis for a structural difference between A~ and A2 exists. All A determinants have the structure ~ucal 2 DGalNAcal--*3DGal but differ in that this trisaccharide may be linked /~1--.3 or B1~4 to vGlcNAc to give

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Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups

Lewis and ABH Substances in Amniotic Fluid Obtained by Amniocentesis

Immunochemical studies on blood groups LXVI. Competitive binding assays of A1 and A2 blood group substances with insolubilized anti-A serum and insolubilized A agglutinin from Dolichos biflorus.

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