Immunoblot Analysis to Evaluate Serologic Reactivity of HIV‐1‐Negative Blood Donors to Microsporidia

Z, Kucerova-Pospisilova; Moura, Hércules; Secor, Evan; Visvesvara, Govinda S.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00636.x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…During the 1980s AIDS epidemic, microsporidia were identified as a causative agent of severe diarrhea that plagued many HIV-positive individuals (Desportes et al 1985). A serologic study of HIV-negative individuals places microsporidia prevalence in this group at approximately 11% (Kucerova-Pospisilova et al 2003). Moreover, microsporidiosis is not limited to the immunocompromised (Sandfort et al 1994;Weber et al 1994;Sobottka et al 1995;Wanke et al 1996;Hautvast et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microsporidian Polar Tube and Spore Wall

et al. 2014

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microsporidian Polar Tube and Spore Wall

et al. 2014

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“…Microsporidiosis in the immunocompromised first became evident during the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, but remains a concern in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals without access to therapy, as well as those immunosuppressed due to cancer therapy, diabetes, organ transplants, and autoimmune disease [1]. However, 11% of HIV-negative individuals in the general population are Microsporidia seropositive, suggesting that while overt disease may not be widespread, asymptomatic infections of healthy individuals are relatively common [2]. Kotkova et al demonstrated that Encephalitozoon cuniculi -infected, albendazole-treated BALB/c mice can develop disseminated infection if they are immunosuppressed post-treatment [3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection increases host cell mutation frequency

Leonard

Schell

Schoborg

et al. 2013

Infect Agents Cancer

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BackgroundMicrosporidia are obligate intracellular opportunistic fungi that cause significant pathology in immunocompromised hosts. However, 11 percent of immunocompetent individuals in the general population are microsporidia-seropositive, indicating that severe immune suppression may not be a prerequisite for infection. Encephalitozoon intestinalis is transmitted in contaminated water and initially infects gastro-intestinal enterocytes, leading to diarrheal disease. This organism can also disseminate to many other organs. A recent report suggests that microsporidia can establish persistent infections, which anti-fungal treatment does not eradicate. Like other intracellular pathogens, microsporidia infection stresses the host cell and infected individuals have elevated hydrogen peroxide and free radical levels.FindingsAs oxidative stress can lead to DNA damage, we hypothesized that E. intestinalis-infection would increase host cell nuclear mutation rate. Embryo fibroblasts from Big BlueTM transgenic mice were E. intestinalis-infected and host nuclear mutation frequency was determined by selection of temperature-sensitive c-II gene mutant λ phage. The host mutation frequency in E. intestinalis-infected cultures was 2.5-fold higher than that observed in either mock-infected cells or cells infected with UV-inactivated E. intestinalis spores.ConclusionsThese data provide the first evidence that microsporidia infection can directly increase host cellular mutation frequency. Additionally, some event in the microsporidia developmental cycle between host cell attachment and parasitophorous vacuole formation is required for the observed effect. As there is considerable evidence linking infection with other intracellular pathogens and cancer, future studies to dissect the mechanism by which E. intestinalis infection increases host mutation frequency are warranted.

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“…This adds another human pathogenic microsporidian to those available for in vitro studies. Studies of patients with diarrhea in Portugal identified 22 HIV‐infected and 3 HIV‐negative patients with a microsporidian pathogen related to Vittaforma corneae (96% homology of a 600 bp rRNA amplicon) [21]. Definitive identification of this organism based on molecular and morphologic data is in progress.…”

Section: Epidemiology Diagnostic and Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia 2003: IWOP‐8

Weiss

2003

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Immunoblot Analysis to Evaluate Serologic Reactivity of HIV‐1‐Negative Blood Donors to Microsporidia

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

The Microsporidian Polar Tube and Spore Wall

The Microsporidian Polar Tube and Spore Wall

Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection increases host cell mutation frequency

Microsporidia 2003: IWOP‐8

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