Immunoblot analysis for immunodetection of HIV proteins. v1

Justiz-Vaillant, Angel

doi:10.17504/protocols.io.bjtpknmn

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Since the pathognomonic feature of HIV is the progressive infection and reduction in the CD4+ T cells, leading to the destruction of both cell‐mediated and antibody‐mediated immune responses, 24 there is concern that PLWH may be at an increased risk for COVID‐19 infection, increased disease severity, increased mortality, and comorbidities 25 . This could explain the increased need for ICU consultation among PLWH compared to the non‐HIV controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher intensive care unit consultations for COVID‐19 patients living with HIV compared to those without HIV coinfection in Uganda

Fleischer

Olum

Nakwagala

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Coronavirus disease-2019 is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. Whether or not HIV infection affects clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) and non-HIV-infected patients hospitalized during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. We retrospectively retrieved data on patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between April 2021 and mid-July 2021. We performed propensityscore-matching of 1:5 to compare outcomes in COVID-19 patients living with and those without HIV coinfection (controls). We included 31 PLWH and 155 non-HIV controls. The baseline characteristics were similar across groups (all p values > 0.05). PLWH had close to threefold higher odds of having ICU consultation compared to controls (odds ratio [OR]: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-6.9, p = 0.015). There was a trend toward having a severe or critical COVID-19 illness among PLWHIH compared to controls (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.8-4.7, p = 0.164). Length of hospitalization was not significantly different between PLWH and non-HIV controls (6 days vs. 7 days, p = 0.184). Seven-day survival was 63% (95% CI: 42%-78%) among PLWH and 72% (95% CI: 61%-82%) among controls while 14-day survival was 50% (95% CI: 28%-69%) among PLWH and 65% (95% CI: 55%-73%) among controls (p = 0.280). There was another trend toward having 1.7-fold higher odds of mortality among PLWH compared to controls (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.8-3.8, p = 0.181). Our data suggest that PLWH may be at an increased risk of severe or critical COVID-19 illness requiring ICU consultation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher intensive care unit consultations for COVID‐19 patients living with HIV compared to those without HIV coinfection in Uganda

Fleischer

Olum

Nakwagala

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…People living with HIV undergo treatment with ART in order to improve HIV‐associated complications and subsequent reduction of mortality and morbidity by reducing any opportunistic infections 59 . Metabolic complications and lipodystrophy develops from long‐term use of ART, 60 however, not all PLWH receiving HAART develop lipodystrophy.…”

Section: Role Of Host Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of genetic variations in drug transporters, metabolizing enzyme and regulatory genes on the development of HIV‐associated lipodystrophy

Shyamveer

Arif

Singh

2023

The Journal of Gene Medicine

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Adipocytes play a crucial role in the metabolism of lipids and sugars. Their response varies depending on the circumstances or other factors influenced by physiological and metabolic stresses. People living with HIV (PLWH) experience different effects of HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on their body fat. Some patients respond well to antiretroviral therapy (ART), while others taking similar regimens do not. The genetic makeup of patients has been strongly linked to the variable responses to HAART among PLWH. The cause of HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) is not well understood, but it may be influenced by genetic variations in the host. The metabolism of lipid effectively modulates plasma triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in PLWH. Genes related to drug metabolism and transport play an important role in the transportation and metabolism of ART drugs. Genetic variation in metabolizing enzyme genes of antiretroviral drugs, lipid transport and transcription factor-related genes could interfere with fat storage and metabolism, contributing to the development of HALS. Hence we examined the impact of genes associated with transport, metabolism and various transcription factors in metabolic complications, and their impact on HALS. A study using databases such as PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar was conducted to understand the impact of these genes on metabolic complications and HALS. The present article discuss the changes in the expression and regulation of genes and their involvement in the lipid metabolism, lipolysis and lipogenesis pathways. Moreover, alteration of the drug transporter, metabolizing enzyme and various transcription factors can lead to HALS. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that play an essential role in drug metabolism and drug and lipid transportation may also contribute to individual differences in the emergence of metabolic and morphological alterations during HAART treatment.

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“…Several approaches towards the management of HIV has been put in place in Cameroon. According to UNAIDS, there were approximately 690,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon as of 2019 [5]. The Cameroon government, in collaboration with international organizations and NGOs, have implemented several strategies and interventions to manage HIV/AIDS in the country.…”

Section: Possible Benefits Of Ai To Healthcare System Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

AI in the Management of HIV: Case Study Cameroon

ANGYIBA Serge,

NGNOTOUOM NGNOKAM Tania,

KOUDOM Patrice

et al. 2023

Int J Virol AIDS

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With the spread of HIV, the world is currently confronting an unprecedented problem. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to the management of HIV is a hotly debated subject. Over 6,000 people are newly diagnosed with HIV each year in the United States, where an estimated 1.2 million people have the disease (CDC, 2020). HIV-positive individuals need ongoing medical care as their condition worsens in order to track the virus' development and ensure that the right therapy is being given. Recent studies have demonstrated that AI can increase the speed and accuracy of HIV detection. For instance, in a study by Northwestern University researchers, a deep learning algorithm was used to recognize HIV-positive individuals from a collection of medical pictures. The system outperformed manual diagnosis in properly identifying HIV-positive individuals with 94.2% accuracy (Kumar, et al., 2020). This shows that HIV diagnosis based on AI might be more accurate and effective. Improvements to patient-specific treatment strategies are also being made using AI. For instance, in a study by the University of California, San Francisco, tailored treatment regimens were created by analyzing the medical data of patients who tested positive for HIV using a machine learning algorithm. The algorithm was able to provide treatment plans that were more accurate than those produced using conventional techniques, indicating that treatment plans based on AI may be more efficient (Hernandez, et al., 2020). AI can also be used to monitor the development of the virus in people who are HIVpositive. To track the HIV virus in patients, for instance, researchers at Stanford University utilized an AI-based system. The algorithm was able to correctly forecast the virus' development, enabling medical professionals to more closely monitor the patient's condition and modify treatment regimens as necessary (Wang, et al., 2020). With quicker and more accurate diagnoses, better patient-specific treatment programs, and better tracking of the virus' course, AI has the potential to completely transform how HIV is controlled. According to recent study, AI may be a useful weapon in the battle against HIV, delivering more effective and efficient treatment for patients who are HIV-positive.

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Immunoblot analysis for immunodetection of HIV proteins. v1

Abstract: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for screening while the Western Blot was used for confirmation.

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Higher intensive care unit consultations for COVID‐19 patients living with HIV compared to those without HIV coinfection in Uganda

Higher intensive care unit consultations for COVID‐19 patients living with HIV compared to those without HIV coinfection in Uganda

Effect of genetic variations in drug transporters, metabolizing enzyme and regulatory genes on the development of HIV‐associated lipodystrophy

AI in the Management of HIV: Case Study Cameroon

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