Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Liquid Milk: Collaborative Study

Dragacci, Sylviane; Grosso, F.; Gilbert, John; Agnedal, M; Hyndrick, L; Jamet, G.; Jørgensen, Kevin; Miller, John H.; Palavras, L Oliveira; Pittet, Alain; Rousi, V; Sharron, P; Sizoo, E. A.; Spott, M; Strassmeier, E

doi:10.1093/jaoac/84.2.437

Cited by 98 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The SPE-based method has been validated -among others -for the determination of aflatoxin B 1 in feedstuffs at levels ranging from 8 -14 µg/kg, the IA-based method has been validated at levels ranging from 1-5 µg/kg. For aflatoxin M 1 in milk a method of analysis is available based on IA cleanup in combination with liquid chromatography (Dragacci et al, 2001). This method has been validated for the determination of aflatoxin M 1 in milk at levels ranging from 0.02 -0.1 µg/L.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Aflatoxin B1 as undesirable substance in animal feed

2004

EFSA Journal

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Aflatoxin B1 as undesirable substance in animal feed

2004

EFSA Journal

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“…The milk samples with AFM 1 levels greater than 50 ng/L were confirmed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in the Scientific and Technology Application and Research Center of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. For the measurements of AFM 1 in the samples, the method of Dragacci et al [15] was adopted for HPLC. After reaching a temperature of 37°C, the fat from the milk samples (100 mL) was removed by centrifugation at 2,000 xg.…”

Section: Hplc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey

Turkoglu

Keyvan

2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:Mycotoxins produced by yeast and fungi have toxic effects on human and animal health. Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is the most toxic hepatocarcinogen to mammals. Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), which has been found in milk and dairy products, is the hydroxylated metabolite of AFB 1 . Aflatoxin M 1 is formed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme in the liver. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is synthesized by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Ochratoxin A is known to cause teratogenic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Due to the potential harmful effects on human and animal health, OTA has also been receiving increased attention globally; however, there is limited information on the presence of OTA in milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was to determine how mycotoxins impact the hygienic quality of raw and heat-processed milk. Materials, Methods & Results:In this study, a total of 105 milk samples were analyzed (35 raw, 35 pasteurized and 35 UHT) to identify AFM 1 and OTA in raw, pasteurized and ultra-high temperature processing (UHT) milk. The levels of AFM 1 were detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The milk samples were centrifuged in order to remove the fat content from the milk. After centrifugation, the upper cream layer was withdrawn with a pipette. The non-fat liquid portion was placed in wells at 100 μL for analysis. The concentration of AFM 1 in the milk samples was analyzed by AFM 1 test kit. The milk samples with AFM 1 levels greater than 50 ng/L were confirmed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). An Ochratoxin A Serum / Milk ELISA test kit was used for the analyses of OTA. The analyses were made according to the manufacturer's instructions, and samples were analyzed in duplicate. The absorbance value of milk samples was obtained from the ELISA plate reader at 450 nm. The mean value of AFM 1 was found to be 19.54 ng/L in the milk samples. According to the European Commission (EC), the maximum limit for AFM 1 in milk is 50 ng/L. In our study, eight (7.61%) of the 105 samples exceeded this limit. The mean value of OTA was found to be 119 ng/L in the milk samples. The relationship between milk type and levels of AFM 1 was found to be significant at (P < 0.01). The mean value of AFM 1 in pasteurized milk was found statistically significant and lower than raw milk (P < 0.05). The difference between levels of OTA and milk type was not statistically significant at (P > 0.05). Discussion: Milk is a great protein source especially for children in the age of growth. Yeasts such as Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium produce mycotoxins that cause food, feed contamination. Owing to carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects of AFM 1 , presence of AFM 1 in milk samples may adversely affect human health. The presence of AFM 1 in different contamination levels can be observed in milk and milk products. Factors such as ration type, climate conditions, feed storage conditions, feeding regime and health status of dairy animals may be effective in the occurrenc...

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“…The extract was dissolved in 5 mL acetonitrile defatted twice with 5 mL petroleum ether and evaporated to dryness (Elzupir & Elhussein, 2010). The dry film was re-dissolved in 500 µL mobile phase methanol:water:acetic acid (60:35:5) by the HPLC analysis (Dragacci, Grosso, & Gilbert, 2001).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk produced by Indian dairy species

Nile

Park

Khobragade

2015

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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A total of 600 samples of milk from different species [buffalo (150), cow (150), goat (150), and sheep (150)] were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM 1) contamination using high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. AFM 1 contamination was found in buffalo (38.6%), cow (45.3%), goat (33.3%), and sheep (36.6%) milk. The mean value of AFM 1 was 0.026 µg L −1 in buffalo, 0.018 µg L −1 in cow, 0.014 µg L −1 in goat, and 0.017 µg L −1 in sheep milk. In all types of milks, the level of AFM 1 concentration was higher in milk obtained from urban and semi-urban areas, whereas it was found minimal in milk from rural areas. The results of the analysis of AFM 1 level by the ELISA analysis (ng L −1) was observed in 46.5% of all samples. The amount of AFM 1 in 16% buffalo, 44% cow, 10% goat, and 12% sheep milk samples was above the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union.

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Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Liquid Milk: Collaborative Study

Cited by 98 publications

References 0 publications

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Aflatoxin B1 as undesirable substance in animal feed

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to Aflatoxin B1 as undesirable substance in animal feed

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey

Occurrence and analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk produced by Indian dairy species

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