Immunoadolescence: Neuroimmune development and adolescent behavior

Brenhouse, Heather C.; Schwarz, Jaclyn M.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.035

Cited by 101 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(98 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The mammalian brain undergoes dramatic functional and developmental changes during adolescence, particularly in the PFC (Brenhouse and Schwarz, 2016). Our results show that adolescents are sensitive to food restriction, which is unsurprising since much of immune regulation, priming, and programming is being fine-tuned during this time frame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent food restriction in rats alters prefrontal cortex microglia in an experience-dependent manner

Ganguly

Thompson

Gildawie

et al. 2018

Stress

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microglia are resident immune cells of the brain that can regulate neural communication and excitability. Any environmental influence on microglial activity has the potential to alter subsequent neural physiology and behavior. Within the prefrontal cortex, several types of stressors have been shown to increase microglial expression of activation markers such as ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), which suggests altered microglial activity. Recent reports in rodents suggest that exposure to forms of early-life stress such as maternal separation can alter microglial responsivity to subsequent challenges. Several learning paradigms used in rodents require food restriction to provoke motivational states that facilitate approach behaviors. Here, we tested whether food restriction (increasing from 13 g/day-23 g/day in males and 10 g/day-20 g/day in females, which reduced body weight to 72-84% free-fed weight) in adolescent rats is a sufficient challenge to affect microglial Iba-1 expression, and whether previous exposure to postnatal maternal separation influenced microglial outcomes. We measured prefrontal cortex Iba-1 expression and microglial morphology after 20 days of ad libitum or restricted food availability in males and females with or without exposure to maternal separation. Food-restricted animals displayed higher levels of Iba-1 in the prefrontal cortex, with hyper-ramified microglial morphology in maternally separated males and control females, compared to those that were free-fed. Together, our data provide evidence that food restriction paradigms may have unintended effects in some behavioral protocols.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent food restriction in rats alters prefrontal cortex microglia in an experience-dependent manner

Ganguly

Thompson

Gildawie

et al. 2018

Stress

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Changes in brain structure following ELS have been associated with different sensitive periods in the brain, where ages of active growth for a region are most vulnerable if the abuse occurs during that time (Andersen et al, 2008; Pechtel et al, 2014). Differences in myelination in general and more specifically, microglia (Schwarz and Brenhouse, 2016; Calcia et al, 2016), have also been described following ELS (Teicher et al, 2004). The relationship between altered myelination or functional connectivity are found in major depressive disorder or addiction; a meta-analysis of this inter-relationship is described in this edition by (Lichenstein et al, 2016).…”

Section: Early Life Stress and Delayed Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors that shape vulnerability to schizophrenia or addiction likely preceded their adolescent emergence by a more than a decade. Such factors include exposure to anti-mitotic agents prenatally (Gomes et al, 2016), stress (Romeo, 2016; Schwarz and Brenhouse, 2016; Tottenham and Galvan, 2016), inflammation, gonadal hormones (Romeo, 2016; Schulz and Sisk, 2016), which all contribute to mental illness and are discussed below and in this edition.…”

Section: Early Developmental Processes Leading Up To Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review provided by Schwarz and Brenhouse (2016) emphasizes how important sex differences can be for the expression of early life events. Adolescent activity in neuro-immune signaling pathways provides a novel mechanism possibly underlying sex differences associated with ELS.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Immune Response To Elsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reviews in this special issue comprehensively describe how the adolescent brain develops under typical conditions (Kilford et al, 2016; Caballero and Tseng, 2016), but also how early antecedent events may already have mis-wired the brain for illness long before it arrives at this stage. Factors that influence the trajectory of brain development are discussed in this issue, including stress (Romeo, 2016), sex hormones (Schulz and Sisk, 2016), and inflammation (Schwarz and Brenhouse, 2016). This commentary discusses the importance of understanding typical developmental processes to encourage research on prevention to reduce the impact of early life events on adolescence (Stanis and Andersen, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Commentary on the special issue on the adolescent brain: Adolescence, trajectories, and the importance of prevention

Andersen

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adolescence as highlighted in this special issue is a period of tremendous growth, synaptic exuberance, and plasticity, but also a period for the emergence of mental illness and addiction. This commentary aims to stimulate research on prevention science to reduce the impact of early life events that often manifest during adolescence. By promoting a better understanding of what creates a normal and abnormal trajectory, the reviews by van Duijvenvoorde et al., Kilford et al., Lichenstein et al., and Tottenham and Galvan in this special issue comprehensively describe how the adolescent brain develops under typical conditions and how this process can go awry in humans. Preclinical reviews also within this issue describe how adolescents have prolonged extinction periods to maximize learning about their environment (Baker et al.), whereas Schulz and Sisk focus on the importance of puberty and how it interacts with stress (Romeo). Caballero and Tseng then set the stage of describing the neural circuitry that is often central to these changes and psychopathology. Factors that affect the mis-wiring of the brain for illness, including prenatal exposure to anti-mitotic agents (Gomes et al.) and early life stress and inflammation (Schwarz and Brenhouse), are included as examples of how exposure to early adversity manifests. These reviews are synthesized and show how information from the maturational stages that precede or occur during adolescence is likely to hold the key towards optimizing development to produce an adolescent and adult that is resilient and well adapted to their environment.

show abstract

Synaptic pruning during adolescence shapes adult social behavior in both males and females

Kirkland,

Edgar,

Patel

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evolutionarily conserved, peer‐directed social behaviors are essential to participate in many aspects of human society. These behaviors directly impact psychological, physiological, and behavioral maturation. Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved period during which reward‐related behaviors, including social behaviors, develop via developmental plasticity in the mesolimbic dopaminergic “reward” circuitry of the brain. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an intermediate reward relay center that develops during adolescence and mediates both social behaviors and dopaminergic signaling. In several developing brain regions, synaptic pruning mediated by microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, is important for normal behavioral development. We previously demonstrated that during adolescence, in rats, microglial synaptic pruning shapes the development of NAc and social play behavior in males and females. In this report, we hypothesize that interrupting microglial pruning in NAc during adolescence will have persistent effects on male and female social behavior in adulthood. We found that inhibiting microglial pruning in the NAc during adolescence had different effects on social behavior in males and females. In males, inhibiting pruning increased familiar exploration and increased nonsocial contact. In females, inhibiting pruning did not change familiar exploration behavior but increased active social interaction. This leads us to infer that naturally occurring NAc pruning serves to reduce social behaviors toward a familiar conspecific in both males and females.

show abstract

Immunoadolescence: Neuroimmune development and adolescent behavior

Cited by 101 publications

References 115 publications

Adolescent food restriction in rats alters prefrontal cortex microglia in an experience-dependent manner

Adolescent food restriction in rats alters prefrontal cortex microglia in an experience-dependent manner

Commentary on the special issue on the adolescent brain: Adolescence, trajectories, and the importance of prevention

Synaptic pruning during adolescence shapes adult social behavior in both males and females

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About