Immuno-histochemical study of ovine cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) shows predominant T cell infiltration in established cysts

Vismarra, Alice; Mangia, Carlo; Passeri, Benedetta; Brundu, Diego; Masala, Giovanna; Ledda, Salvatore; Mariconti, Mara; Brindani, F.; Kramer, Laura; Bacci, C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.027

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The adventitial layer is usually described as a fibrous layer due to the host's reaction to the parasite [9,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39], and several studies have described the cell composition of this layer. A study with fertile hydatid cysts found in the liver, showed that the adventitial layer has a significant amount of B lymphocytes, occasional polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes, however, they did no correlate this data with PSC viability, as the study was done in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights of the local immune response against both fertile and infertile hydatid cysts

et al. 2019

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Background Cystic echinococcosis is caused by the metacestode of the zoonotic flatworm Echinococcus granulosus. Within the viscera of the intermediate host, the metacestode grows as a unilocular cyst known as hydatid cyst. This cyst is comprised of two layers of parasite origin: germinal and laminated layers, and one of host origin: the adventitial layer, that encapsulates the parasite. This adventitial layer is composed of collagen fibers, epithelioid cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes. To establish itself inside the host, the germinal layer produces the laminated layer, and to continue its life cycle, generates protoscoleces. Some cysts are unable to produce protoscoleces, and are defined as infertile cysts. The molecular mechanisms involved in cyst fertility are not clear, however, the host immune response could play a crucial role. Methodology/Principal findings We collected hydatid cysts from both liver and lungs of slaughtered cattle, and histological sections of fertile, infertile and small hydatid cysts were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. A common feature observed in infertile cysts was the disorganization of the laminated layer by the infiltration of host immune cells. These infiltrating cells eventually destroy parts of laminated layer. Immunohistochemical analysis of both parasite and host antigens, identify these cells as cattle macrophages and are present inside the cysts associated to germinal layer. Conclusions/Significance This is the first report that indicates to cell from immune system present in adventitial layer of infertile bovine hydatid cysts could disrupt the laminated layer, infiltrating and probably causing the infertility of cyst.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights of the local immune response against both fertile and infertile hydatid cysts

et al. 2019

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“…High levels of IFNγ and IL‐4 (thus a mixed Th1/Th2 response) have been found to be produced from circumparasitic leucocytes and spleen cells of mice with dead cysts, while high levels of IL‐10 were produced by animals harbouring live cysts . Moreover, T‐regulatory and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells have been recently found to be systemically expanded in mice with established hydatid infection and in CE‐infected patients , and T‐regulatory cells have been recently identified in the periparasitic T‐cell infiltrate around ovine cysts . Conversely, type 17 immune response appears to be downregulated upon experimental infection with CE cysts .…”

Section: Immune Response In the Intermediate Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis

Tamarozzi

Mariconti²,

Neumayr

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex and neglected zoonotic infection. In most cases, CE cysts and the intermediate host co-habit for a long time in the absence of symptoms and elicit very little inflammation. However, the immune interplay between the parasite and the host is complex, encompassing effective parasite-killing immune mechanisms implemented by the host, which in turn are modulated by the parasite. The immune response to the parasite has been exploited for the diagnosis of the disease and for the development of an effective vaccine to use in the natural intermediate host, but the mechanisms of parasite killing and immunomodulation are still unknown. Here, we reviewed the immune effector mechanisms and the strategies of immune evasion in the intermediate host.

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“…Strong regulatory responses are superimposed onto these effector responses. This is evident in the strong local and systemic expression of suppressive cytokines (IL‐10, TGF‐β), and the local recruitment and systemic expansion of FoxP3 + regulatory T cells . In terms of antibody responses, the IgG4 isotype, associated with regulatory responses in Th2 contexts, is prominent in human patients .…”

Section: Immune Responses In Cementioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite molecules and host responses in cystic echinococcosis

Díaz

Casaravilla

Barrios

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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Cystic echinococcosis is the infection by the larvae of cestode parasites belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species complex. Local host responses are strikingly subdued in relation to the size and persistence of these larvae, which develop within mammalian organs as 'hydatid cysts' measuring up to tens of cm in diameter. In a context in which helminth-derived immune-suppressive, as well as Th2-inducing, molecules garner much interest, knowledge on the interactions between E. granulosus molecules and the immune system lags behind. Here, we discuss what is known and what are the open questions on E. granulosus molecules and structures interacting with the innate and adaptive immune systems, potentially or in demonstrated form. We attempt a global biological approach on molecules that have been given consideration primarily as protective (Eg95) or diagnostic antigens (antigen B, antigen 5). We integrate glycobiological information, which traverses the discussions on antigen 5, the mucin-based protective laminated layer and immunologically active preparations from protoscoleces. We also highlight some less well-known molecules that appear as promising candidates to possess immune-regulatory activities. Finally, we point out gaps in the molecular-level knowledge of this infectious agent that hinder our understanding of its immunology.

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Immuno-histochemical study of ovine cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) shows predominant T cell infiltration in established cysts

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

New insights of the local immune response against both fertile and infertile hydatid cysts

New insights of the local immune response against both fertile and infertile hydatid cysts

The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis

Parasite molecules and host responses in cystic echinococcosis

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