Immunizing lithium metal anodes against dendrite growth using protein molecules to achieve high energy batteries

Wang, Tianyi; Li, Yanbin; Zhang, Jinqiang; Yan, Kang; Jaumaux, Pauline; Yang, Jian; Wang, Chengyin; Shanmukaraj, Devaraj; Sun, Bing; Armand, Michel; Cui, Yi; Wang, Guoxiu

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19246-2

Cited by 155 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition, the XPS results indicated that the STCA coating reduced the formation of unstable SEI components (Li 2 O and Li 2 CO 3 ). [ 64,65 ] Moreover, at different etching times, they were consistent with the cryo‐TEM visualization, that is, the LiF was concentrated in the SEI nanostructure. Therefore, the STCA coating was reconfirmed to yield a stable LiF‐enriched SEI, eliminating the Li dendrites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Marrying Ester Group with Lithium Salt: Cellulose‐Acetate‐Enabled LiF‐Enriched Interface for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Chen

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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The practical applications of high‐energy‐density lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMB) have been hindered by the formation and growth of Li dendrites. Homogenizing the Li‐ion flux to suppress Li dendrites by regulating the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) originating from electrolyte degradation is necessary but still challenging. Herein, ion‐affiliative cellulose acetate (CA) with functional Li salts is prepared to generate the SEI with fast Li+ diffusion kinetics. First, the correlations between the functional ester group and LiN(CF3SO2)2 (LiTFSI) are theoretically and experimentally identified, where CO strongly adsorbed N(CF3SO2)2− through electrostatic interaction to enhance the charge‐transfer‐promoted decomposition of LiTFSI. Furthermore, the CA with ex situ doped LiTFSI amplifies this fluorinated degradation effect, and the LiF‐enriched SEI nanostructure is consequently established in situ, as confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. As a result, the dendritic Li growth during cycling is efficiently suppressed, and the lifespan is prolonged by more than six times at a high current density of 3 mA cm−2. This study provides insights into the interphase design for realizing ultrastable LMB.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Marrying Ester Group with Lithium Salt: Cellulose‐Acetate‐Enabled LiF‐Enriched Interface for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Chen

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…strong polar solvent and changeable electric field), these complexes bonded by loose forces would promote the sustained release effect with inorganic POM escaping from the bondage of organic cations or molecules.Asaresult, POM clusters encapsulated in organic shells just behave like aslow-released additive as the cases of LiF placed in porous Al 2 O 3 ceramics,L iNO 3 anchored in PVDF-HFP matrix, montmorillonite suspended in PEO, NaMg(Mn)F 3 wrapped in C, and fibroin molecule chained to electrospinning interlayer. [7,[61][62][63][64] Although the starting point for designing as low-released additive is to solve its dissolution problem in the target electrolyte,t he slow consumption and continuous functionalization effectively guarantee ah ighly stable anode during repeated cycling (Table S5). Benefiting from the shell adsorption effect of these additives,e xtra anions (TFSI À ,N O 3 À )w ould be attracted to the anode side and contribute to the formation of SEI layer rich in LiF and Li x NO y (Figure 2e and f).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Ion Repulsion‐Enrichment Synergism Induced by Core–Shell Ionic Complexes to Enable High‐Loading Lithium Metal Batteries

Meng

Lai

et al. 2021

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Ac ore-shell additive with anionic Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster as core and N-containing cation of ionic liquid (IL) as shell is proposed to stabilizeL imetal batteries (LMBs). The suspended POM derived complex in ether-based electrolyte is absorbed around the protuberances of anode and triggers al ithiophobic repulsion mechanismf or the homogenization of Li + redistribution. The gradually released POM cores with negative charge then enrichL i + and co-assemble with Li. The Li + repulsion-enrichment synergism can compact Li deposition and reinforce solid electrolyte interphase.T his sustained-release additive enables Li k Li symmetric cells with al ong lifetime over 500 ha nd 300 hathigh current densities of 3and 5mAcm À2 respectively. The complex additive is also compatible with high-voltage Li k LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA) cells.Even with aNCA loading as high as ca. 20 mg cm À2 ,t he additive contained Li k NCA cell can still cycle for over 100 cycles at 2.6 mA cm À2 .

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“…In October 2020, for example, Cui's group at Stanford described how to implement a kind of "self-defense" system in a lithium-metal battery by adding a protein called fibroin to the electrolyte. Those proteins, they observed, attached not only to the surface of the lithium metal anode but also to the "buds" of newly formed dendrites (7). When a dendrite was completely covered by fibroin, incoming lithium ions didn't attach to the end and instead formed neat layers rather than clumpy three-dimensional protuberances.…”

Section: How To Block a Dendritementioning

confidence: 99%

The tricky challenge holding back electric cars

Ornes¹

2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Tiny metal deposits called dendrites threaten to curtail the development of rechargeable batteries. But engineers have solutions in sight.Stephen Ornes, Science Writer Gasoline-powered automobiles seem destined for the rearview mirror. In March 2021, the Swedish company Volvo declared that by 2030 it will sell only fully electric cars. Just weeks earlier, Ford had announced plans to go all-electric in Europe by the same year, while GM is aiming for its cars to be fully electric by 2035. Last year, electric vehicles made up less than 3% of all new car sales in the United States, but a recent analysis by BloombergNEF predicts that their global market share will soar to nearly 60% in just 20 years (1).Electric vehicles that can travel long distances and recharge quickly require safe batteries that pack a lot of energy into a small volume. Building those batteries, however, means overcoming a number of challenges.Chief among them is the problem of dendritesdisruptive, spiky growths of metal inside a battery that raise the risk of dangerous discharges.Building a fast-charging battery that can suppress dendrites is a "holy grail problem," says Yi Cui, an engineer at Stanford University in Palo Alto, CA. But recent findings suggest that the dendrite issue is not insurmountable. Experimental efforts to tame dendrites have produced promising, proof-of-concept demonstrations that capitalize on the strengths of lithium batteries while minimizing dendrite risk. These include strategies such as making nanoscale-level changes to the structure of the electrodes, studying the fundamental causes of dendrites, and exploringThe global market share of electric vehicles is set to soar in the coming years. Designing faster-charging batteries that mitigate dendrite deposits will be a key challenge. Image credit: Shutterstock/guteksk7.

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Immunizing lithium metal anodes against dendrite growth using protein molecules to achieve high energy batteries

Cited by 155 publications

References 42 publications

Marrying Ester Group with Lithium Salt: Cellulose‐Acetate‐Enabled LiF‐Enriched Interface for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Marrying Ester Group with Lithium Salt: Cellulose‐Acetate‐Enabled LiF‐Enriched Interface for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Lithium Ion Repulsion‐Enrichment Synergism Induced by Core–Shell Ionic Complexes to Enable High‐Loading Lithium Metal Batteries

The tricky challenge holding back electric cars

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