Immunization of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by gamma-irradiated WSSV plus Vibrio paraheomolyticus

Abstract

Introduction: White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most deadly infectious pathogens of the shrimp culture industry. Neither effective vaccines nor efficient treatments are currently available for this disease. Vibrio species are well known dominant bacterial pathogens in the shrimp ponds. As facultative pathogenic bacteria, it is possible that Vibrio spp. along with WSSV to co-infect the shrimp species such as Litopenaeus vannamei. The aim of this study was to investigate the co-administration of gamma-irradiated Vibrio paraheomolyticus as a kind of probiotic and immune-stimulator with gamma-irradiated and inactivated WSSV as an intramuscular vaccine for protection of L. vannamei against WSSV infection. Methods: WSSV was isolated from the infected shrimp samples and multiplied in Astacus leptodactylus crayfish. Titration of WSSV was obtained in post-larvae as 10 5.4 LD 50 /ml. The virus was irradiated where D 10 value and optimum dose of gamma ray were calculated to be 2.56 and 15 kGy, respectively. The gamma-irradiated WSSV samples, named GI-WSSV were used as a vaccine to immunize L. vannamei shrimps. The freeze-dried V. paraheomolyticus cultures, inactivated by gamma ray (8 kGy) were named GI-V.P and used as a probiotic. Results: Protective dose50 was calculated as 5.61 and 7.94 for the shrimp groups which were vaccinated by GI-WSSV vaccine and GI-WSSV vaccine + GI-V.P, respectively. Calculated RPS values were 73.3%, 86.66% and 26.66% for the GI-WSSV vaccine, GI-WSSV + GI-V.P and isolated probiotic groups, respectively. Significant differences in cumulative mortalities were observed between the vaccination groups and the positive control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in cumulative mortalities between the two vaccination groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: GI-WSSV vaccine can induce immune responses in shrimps infected with WSSV and probiotic GI-V.P enhances these responses.

Effect of dietary Clostridium butyricum and different feeding patterns on growth performance, antioxidant and immune capacity in freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii )

“…However, its production in commercial scale has experienced a number of disadvantages such as increasing variety of pathogens, bacterial resistance and environmental contaminants (Caroline & Seibert, 2012; Cheng & Chen, 2002; Jamal, Abdulrahman, Harbi, & Chithambaran, 2018; Moriarty, 1999; Shariff, Yusoff, Devaraja, & Rao, 2001). This could induce low production yield and huge financial losses attributable to enormous mortality (Chiu, Guu, Liu, Pan, & Cheng, 2007; Citarasu, Sivaram, Immanuel, Rout, & Murugan, 2006; Afsharnasab & Heidarieh, 2016). Antibiotics are frequently used to prevent these adverse impacts.…”

Immune Response of Gamma-Irradiated Inactivated Bivalent Polio Vaccine Prepared plus Trehalose as a Protein Stabilizer in a Mouse Model

“…According to positive effects of radiation on biological reagent sterilization and pathogens inactivation, its application for safe vaccines production is increasing. Production of some inactivated vaccines by gamma irradiation such as FMD virus and HSV demonstrated that radiated inactivated viruses retained virus and antigenic structure [16][17][18][19]. Gamma ray is an ionizing radiation which is emitted from the Cobalt-60 isotope and used for virus inactivation without any change in viral proteins.…”