Immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, confers protection against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans

Yambot, Apolinario V.; Song, Yen-Ling

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.055

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, this approach has some drawbacks because of its contribution to environmental pollution, high cost for fish farmer and public concerns for food and environmental safety. Vaccination against the parasite may provide an alternative to chemical treatment because fish that survive C. irritans infection acquire protective immunity against subsequent parasite challenge (Burgess and Matthews 1995;Yoshinaga and Nakazoe 1997;Bryant et al 1999;Yambot and Song 2006;Luo et al 2007). C. irritans has four different developmental stages in its life cycle (Colorni and Burgess 1997) namely, the parasitic trophont, the offhost protomont, the reproductive tomont and the infective theront, and each stage has its unique biological characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the immunogenicity of theronts, tomonts and trophonts of Cryptocaryon irritans in grouper

et al. 2007

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Cryptocaryon irritans is a ciliated obligate parasite of marine fish, causing white spot disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Recent studies have shown that fish can mount immune responses against C. irritans and acquire protection. The present study compared the protective immunity in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) against C. irritans induced by theronts, trophonts and tomonts via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and tentatively identified an immobilization antigen. Specific antibody titres of immunized fish serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immobilization assays at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 post-immunization, and immunized grouper were challenged with theronts to detect the survival percentage of fish. Fish immunized with theronts produced higher levels of serum antibody against C. irritans than fish immunized with trophonts or tomonts. A significantly higher level of immune protection was achieved in fish immunized with theronts but not in fish immunized with tomonts or trophonts. Western blot analysis using polyclonal immobilization antibodies of rabbit immunized with theront revealed an immunoreactive band of the protective (immobilization) antigens of C. irritans, the size of which is approximately 34 kDa. The sera of mice immunized with the protein could immobilize theronts of C. irritans. These results demonstrated that the theront stage of C. irritans elicited stronger protective immunity than the trophont and tomont stages in grouper. The tentative identification of protective antigen provides the solid foundation for the development of a defined vaccine against C. irritans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative studies on the immunogenicity of theronts, tomonts and trophonts of Cryptocaryon irritans in grouper

et al. 2007

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“…Burgess and Matthews (1995a) reported that the degree of protection against C. irritans depended upon the levels of infection established, as assessed from the mean and range of numbers of the trophonts released. Yambot and Song (2006) found that the antibody titres increased with an increase in the number of parasite used in the exposure. However, present study ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Previous studies used tomonts (Yambot and Song 2006) or theronts (Luo et al 2007;Bai et al 2008) for challenge exposures. However, in the case of using tomonts, since each tomont has variable excystment time, occurring between 3 and 72 days (Colorni and Burgess 1997), experimental fish must be maintained under continual exposure to C. irritans until all tomonts excyst.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies (Burgess and Matthews 1995a;Yambot and Song 2006) counted the numbers of protomonts or tomonts to quantify degree of infection. Such approaches, however, should be used with caution because there is variability in timing of trophonts exiting from the host (3±7 days after attachment) (Colorni 1985;Colorni and Diamant 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yoshinaga and Nakazoe (1997) demonstrated for the first time that sera from immunized fish immobilized live theronts in vitro. Serum and cutaneous mucus from immunized fish contain immobilization antibodies (Yambot and Song 2006;Luo 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune protection of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposed to different infectious doses of ectoparasite (Cryptocaryon irritans)

et al. 2011

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The objectives of the present study were to standardize a reproducible infection procedure with Cryptocaryon irritans and to examine the effects of infectious dose level on the immune protection in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). This study demonstrated that direct enumeration of trophonts on the pectoral fin was useful to quantitatively assess immune protection against C. irritans. The number of trophonts on a pectoral fin was positively correlated with infectious dose of live theronts. Fish immunized by direct exposure under controlled laboratory conditions allowed for in depth examination of the effects of the degree of infectious dose on immune response. There was no significant positive correlation between the initial infectious dose and degree of immune responses. Mozambique tilapia initiated a strong immune protection by direct exposure with even a small number of parasites (e.g. 300 theronts per fish). Moreover, as the result of the protein analysis, we identified 28 kD proteins that could be responsible for the immobilizing antigen.

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Diseases and Health Management

Colorni

Padrós

2011

Sparidae

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Immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, confers protection against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans

Cited by 48 publications

References 41 publications

Comparative studies on the immunogenicity of theronts, tomonts and trophonts of Cryptocaryon irritans in grouper

Comparative studies on the immunogenicity of theronts, tomonts and trophonts of Cryptocaryon irritans in grouper

Immune protection of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposed to different infectious doses of ectoparasite (Cryptocaryon irritans)

Diseases and Health Management

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