Immunization Information Systems

Martin, Daniel W.; Lowery, N. Elaine; Brand, Bill; Gold, Rebecca; Horlick, Gail

doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000000040

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…14 We compared respondents with nonrespondents on all available characteristics using Wilcoxon and chi-square analyses. For relevant questions, where differences existed, responses were reported on the basis of whether or not respondents practiced in a state with an IIS with a mandatory reporting requirement 15 and whether or not respondents were in a large (≥5 providers) or small (<5 providers) practice. Because of the high number of comparisons within these bivariate analyses, we considered statistical significance as <0.01.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provider Attitudes Regarding Vaccine Tracking Systems in Pediatric Practices

O’Leary

Hurley

Kennedy

et al. 2016

Academic Pediatrics

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Objective To assess among US pediatricians’ systems for tracking vaccine administration and inventory and attitudes about these systems; and attitudes regarding and perceived barriers to adoption of a 2-dimensional bar code systems. Methods Internet and mail survey of a nationally representative network of pediatricians between September 2011 and January 2012. Results The response rate was 71% (288 of 408). The most common methods for recording vaccine information were manual entry into an electronic (52%) or paper (27%) record; 76% recorded information in ≥2 places. Physicians reported ordering vaccine on the basis of seasonal increases in demand (55%), paper-based inventory (52%), or when stock looks low (47%); 79% reported it was time consuming to track inventory and 24% reported their practices frequently run out of vaccines. Among those participating in an immunization information system, 29% transmitted data by automatic uploads and 58% entered data manually. Physicians agreed that bar codes could facilitate tracking of vaccine inventory (96%), would improve patient safety (96%), would be more reliable and accurate than current systems (93%), and could improve the efficiency of vaccine administration (90%). Barriers to adoption of a bar code system included need for software (52%), information technology support (42%), and computer equipment (33%). The total cost at which >50% reported they would definitely or probably adopt a bar code system was between $1000 and $4999. Conclusions Most pediatricians report using inefficient systems for tracking vaccine administration and inventory and recognize multiple potential benefits of incorporating vaccine bar coding into their practice. To facilitate adoption, costs will need to be contained and technological barriers addressed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provider Attitudes Regarding Vaccine Tracking Systems in Pediatric Practices

O’Leary

Hurley

Kennedy

et al. 2016

Academic Pediatrics

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“…An alternative source of comparison coverage would be immunization information systems, but reporting of influenza vaccination for children is not mandatory in all states. 35 The majority of pediatric deaths with unknown vaccination status had no documentation of influenza vaccination in immunization information systems and were likely unvaccinated; sensitivity analyses treating these deaths as unvaccinated resulted in higher VE estimates. Vaccination coverage in the comparison cohorts was likely intermediate between estimates based on parental report and those based on insurance claims.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pediatric Deaths: 2010–2014

et al. 2017

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric deaths since 2004 has shown that most deaths occur in unvaccinated children. We assessed whether influenza vaccination reduced the risk of influenza-associated death in children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted a case-cohort analysis comparing vaccination uptake among laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric deaths with estimated vaccination coverage among pediatric cohorts in the United States. Case vaccination and high-risk status were determined by case investigation. Influenza vaccination coverage estimates were obtained from national survey data or a national insurance claims database. We estimated odds ratios (OR) from logistic regression comparing odds of vaccination among cases with odds of vaccination in comparison cohorts. We used Bayesian methods to compute 95% credible intervals for vaccine effectiveness (VE), calculated as (1 – OR) × 100. RESULTS From August 2010 through July 2014, 358 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported among children aged 6 months through 17 years. Vaccination status was determined for 291 deaths; 75 (26%) received vaccine before illness onset. Average vaccination coverage in survey cohorts was 48%. Overall VE against death was 65% (95% credible interval: 54–73). Among 153 deaths in children with underlying high-risk medical conditions, 47 (31%) were vaccinated. VE among children with high-risk conditions was 51% (95% credible interval: 31-67), versus 65% (95% credible interval: 47-78) among children without high-risk conditions. CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccination was associated with reduced risk of laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated pediatric death. Increasing influenza vaccination could prevent influenza-associated deaths among children and adolescents.

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“…A recent survey of 53 IISs demonstrated that 59% mandate that at least one type of provider or entity report immunizations to the IIS, 23% mandate that immunizations for all age groups be reported, and 32% that immunizations for children, adolescents, and younger adults be reported. 20 All but three IISs have several of the functionalities about which the survey inquired, including a forecasting function for routine childhood immunizations to guide providers about needed recommended immunizations, a vaccine inventory function, the ability to generate lists of patients needing vaccinations for reminder/recall, and the ability to create provider site coverage reports. 4,21,22 The majority of GIMs who knew of the existence of an IIS did not know if it had any of these basic functionalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Immunization Information Systems in Primary Care

Kempe

Hurley

Cardemil

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Immunization information systems (IISs) are highly effective for increasing vaccination rates but information about how primary care physicians use them is limited. Methods Pediatricians, family physicians (FPs), and general internists (GIMs) were surveyed by e-mail and mail from January 2015 to April 2015 from all states with an existing IIS. Providers were recruited to be representative of national provider organization memberships. Multivariable log binomial regression examined factors associated with IIS use (October 2015–April 2016). Results Response rates among pediatricians, FPs, and GIMs, respectively, were 75% (325/435), 68% (310/459), and 63% (272/431). A proportion of pediatricians (5%), FPs (14%), and GIMs (48%) did not know there was a state/local IIS; 81%, 72%, and 27% reported using an IIS (p < 0.0001). Among those who used IISs, 64% of pediatricians, 61% of FPs, and 22% of GIMs thought the IIS could tell them a patient’s immunization needs; 22%, 29%, and 51% did not know. The most frequently reported major barriers to use included the IIS not updating the electronic medical record (29%, 28%, 35%) and lack of ability to submit data electronically (22%, 27%, 31%). Factors associated with lower IIS use included FP (adjusted risk ratio=0.85; 95% CI=0.75, 0.97) or GIM (adjusted risk ratio=0.33; 95% CI=0.25, 0.42) versus pediatric specialty and older versus younger provider age (adjusted risk ratio=0.96; 95 CI%=0.94, 0.98). Conclusions There are substantial gaps in knowledge of IIS capabilities, especially among GIMs; barriers to interoperability between IISs and electronic medical records affect all specialties. Closing these gaps may increase use of proven IIS functions including decision support and reminder/recall.

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Immunization Information Systems

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Provider Attitudes Regarding Vaccine Tracking Systems in Pediatric Practices

Provider Attitudes Regarding Vaccine Tracking Systems in Pediatric Practices

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Pediatric Deaths: 2010–2014

Use of Immunization Information Systems in Primary Care

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