Immunization for Influenza A Virus by Intranasal Administration of Alphavirus Replicon Particles

Abstract

Improved vaccines are necessary to prevent swine influenza, especially in young growing pigs. The objective of this study is to determine whether intranasal vaccination with Alphavirus replicon particle (RP) vector vaccine prevents influenza A virus (IAV) in pigs. RP vaccine was prepared with the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (A/California/04/2009, pH1N1). The efficacy of intranasal (IN) administration with pH1N1 HA RP was evaluated in two pig experiments. In the first experiment, prime/boost RP vaccination was administered IN/IN to pigs. In the second experiment, pigs were administered a one dose intramuscular (IM) or IN HA RP vaccine, or with a combination of IN/IM routes with an interval of three weeks. Results showed that two doses IN administration of HA RP did not protect pigs against IAV; one dose IM and combination IN/IM routes vaccination with HA RP reduced pneumonia significantly and partially inhibited virus shedding following homologous challenge.

Factors affecting induction of peripheral IFN-γ recall response to influenza A virus vaccination in pigs

“…Influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines are available for use in swine and can be an effective means for prevention and control of IAV. Prior to the licensing of a new replicon particle vaccine (Chen, 2013), only whole-inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines were commercially available to control IAV in swine (Ma and Richt, 2010), and several reviews on different platforms are available . Due to the large number of antigenic variants circulating in US swine, WIV vaccines currently licensed for use provide limited protection against circulating strains of IAV Kitikoon et al, 2006;Vincent et al, 2010).…”

Differential measures of cellular IFN-γ responses in swine following influenza vaccination

“…Vaccination can be an effective means for prevention and control of IAV. Prior to the licensing of a new replicon particle vaccine [26], only whole-inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines were commercially available to control IAV in swine (reviewed in [2,27] [33]. Further, there is potential for vaccine/challenge mismatch that in some cases can result in vaccine enhanced associated respiratory disease (VAERD) [12,33].…”