Immunization coverage of 12–23 months old children and its associated factors in Minjar-Shenkora district, Ethiopia: a community-based study

Abstract

Background Childhood vaccinations have been shown to be effective in protecting children against vaccine-preventable diseases. The systematic investigation of the causes of incomplete immunization is critical for the full immunization and develop health system interventions to improve immunization coverage. To date, no community-based immunization coverage assessment study was conducted in Minjar-shenkora district. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the immunization coverage and its factors among 12–23 months old children in Minjar-shenkora district, Ethiopia. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2017. A total of 566 children aged 12–23 months and their mothers/caregivers were successfully interviewed using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. A stratified sampling technique was employed. Study participants were selected systematically. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 21 for analysis. Logistic regression analyses were done. A significant association was declared at a p -value less than 0.05. Results Three fourth (75.6%) of 12–23 months old children were fully vaccinated. Incorrect appointment date (46.4%), the experience of child sickness with previous vaccination (35.2%) and disrespectful behavior of health professionals (14.3%) were the most common reasons cited by mothers/caregivers for incomplete vaccination of children. Being unmarried (AOR = 3.52, CI = 2.61, 9.15), not being a member of health development army (AOR = 3.31, CI = 2.01, 11.65) and traveling time greater than two hours on foot (AOR = 2.46, CI = 5.01, 17.18) were predictors of incomplete immunization. Conclusions Child immunization coverage was still below the governmental plan of 90% in 2020. Being unmarried, not being a member of health development army and traveling time greater than two hours on foot were predictors of incomplete immunization. Strengthen health development army programmatic interventions in the community will improve child vaccination completion in the district. The issue of long travel time should be addressed by increasing the number of new vaccination sites/clusters in the district. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1575-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Barriers to Childhood Immunization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

“…Forty-eight articles met all inclusion criteria for this study; 28 articles were excluded for various reasons. [See supplementary materials 3] Nine articles employed second-hand data analysis [7,12,18,27,37,40,41,47,42]; thirty-six used crosssectional design [1][2][3]11,[13][14][15][16][17]19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][38][39]42,[45][46][48][49][50][51]53,54] and three used case-control study [20,[43][44]. All described studies were conducted on Africa populations (103,655 adults and 76,327 children).…”

“…One critically examined barriers speci c to vaccination doses at birth 0 -1day [18] in the Gambia. Thirty articles reported national immunization coverage [1][2]7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][20][21][22][23][24][25][28][29]32,[34][35][38][39][40][43][44][45][46]49,50,[52][53][54], eighteen did not [3,[17][18][19]22,24,[26][27][30][31]33,[36][37][41][42]47,48,…”

“…It was noted that due to staff limitation, only one staff often conducted immunization sessions in the catchment population [2,3,11,25]. Studies [11,13,45,[47][48][49][50]52,53] also revealed that some hard-to-reach areas do not have health facilities nearby to provide childhood immunization. Health workers were reported to covers long distances on outreach services due to inadequate health centers [11,13,15,43].…”

Prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization among rural lactating mothers: findings from the primary health care project in two northwest Ethiopian districts

“…For households with multiple lactating mothers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the lottery method was used to choose one. Sample size was calculated using Epi-info version 3.7 by considering the assumptions: 48.4% prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization in Gondar town [23,25], 95% level of confidence and 5% margin of error. A design effect of 1.5 and 10% non-response rate were also anticipated to obtain the final sample size of 631.…”

“…A structured questionnaire was adapted from the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey (EDHS) to collect the data [8,13]. The questionnaire was composed of socio-demographic characteristics and primary health care utilization (immunization, family planning, health education, hygiene and sanitation, maternal health service and physical access to health services) [13,25]. The questionnaire was first prepared in English and translated to Amharic (the native language of the study area).…”