Immunity to Schistosomes: The Target

Smithers, S. R.; McLaren, Diane J.; Ramalho-Pinto, F. J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1977.26.11

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Studies in mice have shown that the developmental stage most susceptible to the host immune system attack is the schistosomula stage. Very early after infection, schistosomula are susceptible to cellular and humoral immunity, however, in the course of parasite development the susceptibility is rapidly lost [25, 26]. The resistance to host immune response acquired by parasites can be in part explained by surface changes independently of host antigens adsorption [27–29].…”

Section: Host-parasite Relationship: Role For the Parasite Tegumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma Tegument Proteins in Vaccine and Diagnosis Development: An Update

Fonseca

Carvalho

Alves

et al. 2012

Journal of Parasitology Research

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The development of a vaccine against schistosomiasis and also the availability of a more sensitive diagnosis test are important tools to help chemotherapy in controlling disease transmission. Bioinformatics tools, together with the access to parasite genome, published recently, should help generate new knowledge on parasite biology and search for new vaccines or therapeutic targets and antigens to be used in the disease diagnosis. Parasite surface proteins, especially those expressed in schistosomula tegument, represent interesting targets to be used in vaccine formulations and in the diagnosis of early infections, since the tegument represents the interface between host and parasite and its molecules are responsible for essential functions to parasite survival. In this paper we will present the advances in the development of vaccines and diagnosis tests achieved with the use of the information from schistosome genome focused on parasite tegument as a source for antigens.

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Section: Host-parasite Relationship: Role For the Parasite Tegumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma Tegument Proteins in Vaccine and Diagnosis Development: An Update

Fonseca

Carvalho

Alves

et al. 2012

Journal of Parasitology Research

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“…During transformation from cercaria to schistosomula, the outer surface of the tegument (the interface with the host) is remodeled from a single membrane with a prominent glycocalyx into an unusual double membrane (or “heptalaminate”) structure [5]. This double membrane is widely believed to play an essential role in the ability of schistosomes to evade the host immune system, a characteristic that allows them to live for years within their hosts [6]. The outer of the two surface membranes also has the ability to adsorb host blood molecules, masking its non-self status thereby contributing to immune evasion and prolonged survival [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of mRNAs Encoding Tegument Tetraspanins from Schistosoma mansoni Results in Impaired Tegument Turnover

et al. 2010

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Schistosomes express a family of integral membrane proteins, called tetraspanins (TSPs), in the outer surface membranes of the tegument. Two of these tetraspanins, Sm-TSP-1 and Sm-TSP-2, confer protection as vaccines in mice, and individuals who are naturally resistant to S. mansoni infection mount a strong IgG response to Sm-TSP-2. To determine their functions in the tegument of S. mansoni we used RNA interference to silence expression of Sm-tsp-1 and Sm-tsp-2 mRNAs. Soaking of parasites in Sm-tsp dsRNAs resulted in 61% (p = 0.009) and 74% (p = 0.009) reductions in Sm-tsp-1 and Sm-tsp-2 transcription levels, respectively, in adult worms, and 67%–75% (p = 0.011) and 69%–89% (p = 0.004) reductions in Sm-tsp-1 and Sm-tsp-2 transcription levels, respectively, in schistosomula compared to worms treated with irrelevant control (luciferase) dsRNA. Ultrastructural morphology of adult worms treated in vitro with Sm-tsp-2 dsRNA displayed a distinctly vacuolated and thinner tegument compared with controls. Schistosomula exposed in vitro to Sm-tsp-2 dsRNA had a significantly thinner and more vacuolated tegument, and morphology consistent with a failure of tegumentary invaginations to close. Injection of mice with schistosomula that had been electroporated with Sm-tsp-1 and Sm-tsp-2 dsRNAs resulted in 61% (p = 0.005) and 83% (p = 0.002) reductions in the numbers of parasites recovered from the mesenteries four weeks later when compared to dsRNA-treated controls. These results imply that tetraspanins play important structural roles impacting tegument development, maturation or stability.

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“…Eosinophils may play an important role in the defense of the organism against certain parasites such as Schistosoma (Mahmoud et al 1975;Butterworth et al 1979), Trichinella (Grove et al 1977;Smithers et al 1977) and Trypanosoma (Sanderson and Jennifer 1978 ;Sanderson and De Souza 1979;Thorne et al 1979). In the case of large parasites the eosinophils attach and discharge the content of their specific granules on the surface of opsonized parasites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of filipin-sterol complexes in cell membranes of eosinophils

Pimenta

Souza

1984

Histochemistry

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The polyene antibiotic filipin was used as a probe for the detection of cholesterol in the cell membranes of eosinophils isolated from the peritoneal exudate of rats. A homogenous distribution of filipin-sterol complexes was observed, both in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas throughout the whole plasma membrane but not in the membrane of pynocytic vesicles, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and the nucleus. Few complexes were seen in freeze-fracture replicas showing the membrane of the specific granules. Treatment of living cells with filipin induced aggregation of filipin-sterol complexes at some points of the plasma membrane.

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Immunity to Schistosomes: The Target

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Schistosoma Tegument Proteins in Vaccine and Diagnosis Development: An Update

Schistosoma Tegument Proteins in Vaccine and Diagnosis Development: An Update

Suppression of mRNAs Encoding Tegument Tetraspanins from Schistosoma mansoni Results in Impaired Tegument Turnover

Localization of filipin-sterol complexes in cell membranes of eosinophils

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