Immunity to Rickettsiae (Redux)

Jerrels, Thomas R.

doi:10.1007/0-306-46804-2_2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Antibody is considered important in preventing reinfection with SFG rickettsiae by binding to the organisms and blocking attachment or penetration of the host cell (Jerrells, 1997). The presence of serum antibody was shown useful in predicting resistance to challenge with R. rickettsii using a guinea pig model (Folds et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the rationale that antibodies have limited access to obligately intracellular Rickettsia , it had been suggested that cell-mediated immunity is primarily responsible for curtailing a rickettsial infection, whereas humoral immunity to rickettsiae plays only a secondary role in vertebrate hosts (Jerrells, 1997). On the other hand, neutralization of bacteria inside ticks by antibodies from immune hosts has been suggested as one of the factors responsible for decreasing reservoir competence and preventing highly pathogenic rickettsiae like R. sibirica and R. conorii from infecting large proportions of vector populations (Grokhovskaya and Sidorov, 1966; Zemtsova et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of homologous and heterologous immunization on the reservoir competence of domestic dogs for Rickettsia conorii (israelensis)

Levin

Zemtsova

Montgomery

et al. 2014

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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A number of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae cause serious infections in humans. Several antigenically related rickettsial agents may coexist within the same geographical area, and humans or vertebrate hosts may be sequentially exposed to multiple SFG agents. We assessed whether exposure of a vertebrate reservoir to one SFG Rickettsia will affect the host’s immune response to a related pathogen and the efficiency of transmission to uninfected ticks. Two pairs of dogs were each infected with either Rickettsia massiliae or Rickettsia conorii israelensis, and their immune response was monitored twice weekly by IFA. The four immunized dogs and a pair of naïve dogs were each challenged with R. conorii israelensis-infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus nymphs. Uninfected Rh. sanguineus larvae were acquisition-fed on the dogs on days 1, 7, and 14 post-challenge. These ticks were tested for the presence of rickettsial DNA after molting to the nymphal stage. The naive dogs became infected with R. conorii israelensis and were infectious to ticks for at least 3 weeks, whereas reservoir competence of dogs previously infected with either R. massiliae or R. conorii was significantly diminished. This opens an opportunity for decreasing the efficiency of transmission and propagation of pathogenic Rickettsia in natural foci by immunizing the primary hosts with closely related nonpathogenic SFG bacteria. However, neither homologous immunization nor cross-immunization significantly affected the efficiency of R. conorii transmission between cofeeding infected nymphs and uninfected larvae. At high densities of ticks, the efficiency of cofeeding transmission may be sufficient for yearly amplification and persistent circulation of a rickettsial pathogen in the vector population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%