IMMUNITY TO PATHOGENIC FREE-LIVING AM$OElig;Bq

Cursons, RayT.M.; T, Brown; Keys, ElizabethA.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)90812-1

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Similar findings have been reported by Cursons et al [17], who, in healthy individuals by IIF, found Acanthamoeba spp. specific antibodies in all 93 serum samples that were tested.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…IIF for AP-specific antibodies was performed according to Cursons et al [17] with the following modifications. Briefly, glass-slides were seeded with AP-infected human embryonic diploid fibroblasts (HUM) cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Acanthamoeba sp. are ubiquitous in nature [14] and frequently infect humans [17]. It is of interest to determine whether an relationship exists between the RA and Acanthamoeba infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possibility for a Chronic Infection

Jeansson

Kvien

2001

Scand J Immunol

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“…Similar findings have been reported by Cursons et al [17], who, in healthy individuals by IIF, found Acanthamoeba spp. specific antibodies in all 93 serum samples that were tested.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possibility for a Chronic Infection

Jeansson

Kvien

2001

Scand J Immunol

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“…The ability of the vast majority of immunocompetent humans to resist infection coupled with the susceptibility of the immunocompromised demonstrates the importance of the immune system in resistance to infection. However, and surprisingly, there are few available data regarding the immune response to Acanthamoeba, although approximately 50 to 100% of people are known to be seropositive (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba Activates Macrophages Predominantly through Toll-Like Receptor 4- and MyD88-Dependent Mechanisms To Induce Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-6

et al. 2017

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Acanthamoeba castellanii is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba with a worldwide distribution that can occasionally infect humans, causing particularly severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. Dissecting the immunology of Acanthamoeba infections has been considered problematic due to the very low incidence of disease, despite the high exposure rates. While macrophages are acknowledged as playing a significant role in Acanthamoeba infections, little is known about how this facultative parasite influences macrophage activity. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of Acanthamoeba on the activation of resting macrophages. Consequently, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages were cocultured with trophozoites of either the laboratory Neff strain or a clinical isolate of A. castellanii. In vitro real-time imaging demonstrated that trophozoites of both strains often established evanescent contact with macrophages. Both Acanthamoeba strains induced a proinflammatory macrophage phenotype characterized by the significant production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-6. However, macrophages cocultured with the clinical isolate of Acanthamoeba produced significantly less IL-12 and IL-6 than the Neff strain. The utilization of macrophages derived from MyD88-, TRIF-, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-, TLR4-, and TLR2/4-deficient mice indicated that Acanthamoeba-induced proinflammatory cytokine production was through MyD88-dependent, TRIF-independent, TLR4-induced events. This study shows for the first time the involvement of TLRs expressed on macrophages in the recognition of and response to Acanthamoeba trophozoites. KEYWORDS Acanthamoeba, macrophagesA canthamoeba castellanii is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba that has been isolated from both outdoor and indoor environments. It exists as actively feeding, dividing trophozoites and the dormant environmentally resistant cyst. Despite its ability to proliferate and survive as a free-living organism, Acanthamoeba is also a facultative parasite of humans, most frequently causing a painful, potentially blinding infection of the eye, called Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), in immunocompetent individuals. Acanthamoeba is also an opportunistic parasite, and in immunocompromised individuals it is responsible for an often fatal infection of the brain, named granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) (1). The ability of the vast majority of immunocompetent humans to resist infection coupled with the susceptibility of the immunocompromised demonstrates the importance of the immune system in resistance to infection. However, and

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“…Because the major location of infection is the central nervous system and because PAME progresses rapidly, diagnosis in the early stages is difficult (10). Previous studies of the detection of antibodies in infections with pathogenic free-living amoebae have been performed using various methods such as agglutination tests, immunofluorescence tests, and an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique (5,6,15,20). Monoclonal antibodies to N. fowleri have been produced and used as probes for the identification of N. fowleri in brain sections of PAME patients and to distinguish pathogenic N. fowleri from other Naegleria species (16,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Characterizations of a Cloned 13.1-Kilodalton Protein from Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri

Cho¹,

Jung²,

Park³

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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We previously cloned an antigenic gene (named nfa1) from a cDNA library of Naegleria fowleri by immunoscreening. The nfa1 gene had a coding nucleotide sequence consisting of 357 bases and produced a recombinant 13.1-kDa protein (Nfa1). In this study, to get more information regarding the recombinant Nfa1 protein (rNfa1), we produced an anti-Nfa1 polyclonal antibody from mice immunized with rNfa1 and used a peroxidase staining method to carry out immunocytochemistry experiments. In addition, we observed the effect of the presence of an anti-Nfa1 antibody on the in vitro cytotoxicity of N. fowleri against Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Trophozoites of N. fowleri in cultivation reacted strongly with a peroxidase-labeled anti-Nfa1 antibody. In inflammatory and necrotic regions of brain tissue infected with N. fowleri, labeled trophozoites that were stained brown were also observed. When examined using a transmission electron microscope, the Nfa1 protein showed pseudopodium-specific immunolocalization on a trophozoite of N. fowleri. When examined using a light microscope, CHO cells grown in cocultures with N. fowleri trophozoites (group I) for 48 h showed morphologically severe destruction but CHO cells grown in cocultures with N. fowleri trophozoites and an anti-Nfa1 polyclonal antibody (group II) showed less destruction. The results of a lactate dehydrogenase release assay showed that group I CHO cells exhibited 81% cytotoxicity and group II CHO cells exhibited 13.8% cytotoxicity.

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IMMUNITY TO PATHOGENIC FREE-LIVING AM$OElig;Bq

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Acanthamoeba polyphaga in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possibility for a Chronic Infection

Acanthamoeba polyphaga in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possibility for a Chronic Infection

Acanthamoeba Activates Macrophages Predominantly through Toll-Like Receptor 4- and MyD88-Dependent Mechanisms To Induce Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-6

Immunological Characterizations of a Cloned 13.1-Kilodalton Protein from Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri

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