Immunity in cattle vaccinated against ringworm

Abstract

Summary. Protective properties of a live, freeze‐dried vaccine against ringworm, produced by Bioveta, Ivanovice na Hané, Czechoslovakia, were tested in a group of 422 calves. Vaccinated and control calves were challenged by epicutane‐ous inoculation of a virulent culture of Trichophy‐ton verrucosum. Between 4.4 and 9.5% of calves challenged between days 14 and 25 after re‐vaccination showed only mild clinical signs of ringworm and 99–100% were fully protected from day 28, the immunity persisting for at least one year. All control calves showed signs of ringworm after challenge. In most cases, extensive mycotic lesions, also penetrating into deep skin layers, were observed. Protective properties of the Czechoslovak vaccine and a USSR vaccine were high and comparable. Zusammenfassung. An 422 Kälbern wurde der protektive Wert einer lyophilisierten Lebend‐vakzine gegen Rinder‐Trichophytie geprüft (Hersteller: Bioveta, Ivanovice na Hané, Tsche‐choslowakei). Sowohl die vakzinierten Kälber wie auch die Kontrollgruppe wurden danach mit einem virulenten Trichophyton verrucosum‐Stamm epikutan inokuliert. Sämtliche Kontrollkälber erkrankten an Kälberflechte; in den meisten Fällen wurden dabei deutliche mykotische Läsionen beobachtet, die auch bis in tiefere Hautschichten reichten. In der geimpften Gruppe zeigten 4.4–9.5% der Kälber bei Infektion 14 und 25 d nach Revakzination nur milde klinische Kälber‐flechten‐Symptome; bei Infektion 28 d nach Revakzination waren 99–100% der Tiere voll‐kommen geschützt. Der durch die tschechoslowa‐kische Vakzine bedingte Immunschutz war hochgradig, hielt mindestens ein Jahr vor und erwies sich als dem mit einer USSR‐Vakzine erreichbaren vergleichbar.

Control of bovine ringworm by vaccination in Norway

“…None of the vaccinated calves presented signs of ringworm during the observation period. However, a mild inflammatory reaction was observed during the first weeks post challenge indicating an anamnestic response (Rybnikář et al, 1991;Bratberg et al, 1999). Examination of skin biopsies revealed rapid mobilization of effector cells as early as five days post challenge leading to elimination of the fungus .…”

“…Few experiments have been conducted to provide evidence for protection beyond one year after vaccination (Rybnikář et al, 1991). However, duration of immunity is considered life-long (Sarkisov, 1976) and revaccination is not recommended (Gudding and Lund, 1995;Merck Animal Health, 2008).…”

“…In former Czechoslovakia, Rybnikář et al (1991) developed a vaccine against bovine ringworm caused by T. verrucosum based on the same principles as the Russian scientists. The two vaccines were compared for efficacy in a challenge model and both stimulated protective immunity equally.…”

Clinical assessment of postinfection, postcontact and postvaccination immunity manifestation after experimental inoculation of calves with Trichophyton verrucosum culture

“…The development of postvaccination immunity in calves after intramuscular application of live vaccines against trichophytosis has been already demonstrated in our previously published experiments. [14][15][16] Protection of animals was sufficient in case of double vaccination (i.e. vaccination and revaccination) while single vaccination was less effective.…”

Prevalence and distribution of dermatophytosis lesions on cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria

“…In animal husbandry, losses may be incurred due to the high cost of treatment, weight loss, decrease in milk production, and the poor quality of rawhide materials in view of hides and skins being affected and destroyed by dermatophytes. Consequently, a national vaccination program against the disease was advocated by the Swedish hide industry [6].…”