Immune to addiction: how immunotherapies can be used to combat methamphetamine addiction

Hossain, Kamal; Hassanzadeganroudsari, Majid; Kypreos, Erica; Feehan, Jack; Apostolopoulos, Vasso

doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1927725

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Tryptophan metabolites show potential for application as new treatment options to manage compulsive abuse of addictive substances. Moreover, several studies have reported the development of vaccines against METH addiction [142][143][144], but none have been translated into human clinical trials yet. The identification of tryptophan metabolites as potential treatment options for addiction, in combination with new approaches such as vaccines, may lead to more effective methods for managing compulsive substance abuse in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan and Substance Abuse: Mechanisms and Impact

Davidson

Rashidi

Hossain

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Addiction, the continuous misuse of addictive material, causes long-term dysfunction in the neurological system. It substantially affects the control strength of reward, memory, and motivation. Addictive substances (alcohol, marijuana, caffeine, heroin, methamphetamine (METH), and nicotine) are highly active central nervous stimulants. Addiction leads to severe health issues, including cardiovascular diseases, serious infections, and pulmonary/dental diseases. Drug dependence may result in unfavorable cognitive impairments that can continue during abstinence and negatively influence recovery performance. Although addiction is a critical global health challenge with numerous consequences and complications, currently, there are no efficient options for treating drug addiction, particularly METH. Currently, novel treatment approaches such as psychological contingency management, cognitive behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement strategies are of great interest. Herein, we evaluate the devastating impacts of different addictive substances/drugs on users′ mental health and the role of tryptophan in alleviating unfavorable side effects. The tryptophan metabolites in the mammalian brain and their potential to treat compulsive abuse of addictive substances are investigated by assessing the functional effects of addictive substances on tryptophan. Future perspectives on developing promising modalities to treat addiction and the role of tryptophan and its metabolites to alleviate drug dependency are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan and Substance Abuse: Mechanisms and Impact

Davidson

Rashidi

Hossain

et al. 2023

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…Prior preclinical studies using rodents suggest vaccine administration is safe as there were no adverse effects [ 3 , 6 , 12 , 63 ]. Vaccination strategies against methamphetamines are still under investigation by researchers and clinicians [ 69 ]. Research on hapten design, the chemical position of a linker between the target antigen and carrier protein, modification and selection of carrier proteins, and selection of adjuvant to augment immune response is needed [ 6 , 15 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategies utilizing either active immunization have shown potential [ 69 ]. Not only can the vaccine efficacy be drastically different in human patients compared to animal models, but also the quantity of antibodies produced and the safety profile including side effects could also be significantly different [ 69 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Neurobiology of Methamphetamine Addiction and the Potential to Reduce Misuse Through Conjugate Vaccines Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 4

Prasad¹,

Mathew²,

Piper³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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The methamphetamine epidemic continues to worsen each year and has contributed to more overdose deaths than opioids. Methamphetamine was listed in the top ten lethal drugs in 2021 in the United States. The drug has been shown to cause health problems such as addiction and neurological and behavioral changes. One possible solution to address this crisis is through vaccinations. Vaccinations consist of injecting a controlled substance with the goal of creating compound-specific antibodies. Although still early in development, vaccinations have been found to improve withdrawal symptoms and decrease drug-seeking behavior with minimal health side effects in rodent studies. This paper provides an overview of the clinical presentation and neurobiology of methamphetamine addiction and drug-seeking behaviors. The responses and adverse effects of conjugate vaccines IXTv-100 with adjuvant glucopyranosyl lipid A administered in oil-water stable emulsion and tetanus-toxoid conjugated to succinyl-methamphetamine adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide combined with adjuvant E6020 are examined.

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“…Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant and sympathomimetic drug that drastically impacts the user’s body, causing severe neurological and physical consequences. METH use results in increased alertness, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and loss of appetite [ 1 , 2 ]. Chronic METH use commonly leads to severe tooth decay, infection, weight loss, malnutrition, kidney and liver damage, respiratory issues, paranoia, violent behavior, psychosis, severe anxiety, and depression [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine Induces Systemic Inflammation and Anxiety: The Role of the Gut–Immune–Brain Axis

Davidson

Mayer

Habib

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive drug abused by millions of users worldwide, thus becoming a global health concern with limited management options. The inefficiency of existing treatment methods has driven research into understanding the mechanisms underlying METH-induced disorders and finding effective treatments. This study aims to understand the complex interactions of the gastrointestinal–immune–nervous systems following an acute METH dose administration as one of the potential underlying molecular mechanisms concentrating on the impact of METH abuse on gut permeability. Findings showed a decreased expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and EpCAm in intestinal tissue and the presence of FABP-1 in sera of METH treated mice suggests intestinal wall disruption. The increased presence of CD45+ immune cells in the intestinal wall further confirms gut wall inflammation/disruption. In the brain, the expression of inflammatory markers Ccl2, Cxcl1, IL-1β, TMEM119, and the presence of albumin were higher in METH mice compared to shams, suggesting METH-induced blood–brain barrier disruption. In the spleen, cellular and gene changes are also noted. In addition, mice treated with an acute dose of METH showed anxious behavior in dark and light, open field, and elevated maze tests compared to sham controls. The findings on METH-induced inflammation and anxiety may provide opportunities to develop effective treatments for METH addiction in the future.

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Immune to addiction: how immunotherapies can be used to combat methamphetamine addiction

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Tryptophan and Substance Abuse: Mechanisms and Impact

Tryptophan and Substance Abuse: Mechanisms and Impact

The Neurobiology of Methamphetamine Addiction and the Potential to Reduce Misuse Through Conjugate Vaccines Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 4

Methamphetamine Induces Systemic Inflammation and Anxiety: The Role of the Gut–Immune–Brain Axis

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