Immune System and Cardiac Functions of Progeny Chicks from Dams Fed Diets Differing in Zinc and Manganese Level and Source ,

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate immunity (experiments 1 to 3), cardiac function, and ascities resistance (experiment 4) of progeny chicks from broiler breeders fed diets differing in trace metal level and source. Broiler breeders received a control diet (75 mg of Zn and 83 mg of Mn added/kg of diet), the control diet supplemented with inorganic Zn (75 mg/kg of diet) and Mn (80 mg/kg of diet), the control diet supplemented with organic Zn (75 mg/kg of diet) and inorganic Mn (80 mg/kg of diet), or the control diet supplemented with organic Zn (75 mg/kg of diet) and Mn (80 mg/kg of diet) in experiments 1, 2, and 3. In experiment 4, the control diet and diet supplemented with organic sources of Zn and Mn were fed to broiler breeders. Immune organ weights, circulating granulocytes vs. agranulocytes, CD4 and CD8 positive T cells, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity, and antibody titers to SRBC and breeder vaccinations were measured in progeny. Some supplemental mineral treatments increased (P < or = 0.05) cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity and relative bursa weight. All supplemental mineral treatments increased (P < or = 0.05) relative thymus weight. In experiment 4, electrocardiograph, pulse oximetry, heart rate, hematocrits, ventricle weights, and ascites incidence were measured in progeny reared in a cold-stress environment. The supplemental organic minerals increased (P < or = 0.05) left ventricle plus septum and total ventricular weights. Although progeny ascites incidence did not differ between breeder mineral treatments, breeders fed supplemental Zn and Mn sired progeny with improved cardiac functional capacity and some improvements in immunity.

Metal limitation and toxicity at the interface between host and pathogen

“…Phytohemagglutinin is a plant lectin which, when injected under the skin, recruits basophils and leads to a hypersensitivity response. Concurring with this, progeny from chickens fed diets supplemented with Zn and Mn demonstrate increased thymus weights for all supplemented diets tested, elevated bursa weights for diets supplemented with inorganic sources of Zn and Mn, and intensified basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin‐P for diets supplemented with organic Zn and Mn sources (Virden et al ., ). Finally, calves fed a diet supplemented with organic sources of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co for fourteen days also have an increased response to phytohemagglutinin‐P and exhibit decreased occurrence of respiratory diseases over the 42‐day experimental period (George et al ., ).…”

Bioavailability and Immunity Response in Broiler Breeders on Organically Complexed Zinc Supplementation

“…[21] reported that zinc as zinc-methionine supplementation (100 mg/kg zinc to a basal diet containing 36.8 mg/kg zinc) had better effect on primary immune response to SRBC relative to control. Researcher has demonstrated supplementing broiler breeder hen diets with zinc-methionine rather than inorganic zinc sources increased cellular immune response of progeny to PHA-P [22]. [23] concluded that supplementation of 20 ppm zinc significantly improved immune response and impact was more prominent with ZnAA (organic zinc) compared to ZnSO 4 .…”

Effect of Supplemental Inorganic Zn and Mn and their Interactions on the Performance of Broiler Chicken, Mineral Bioavailability, and Immune Response

“…The cell-mediated immunity was known to be closely associated with the production of interleukin-2, which was perhaps supported by higher Zn and Mn levels in the diet brining about better immune response [2]. Together, both Zn and Mn contribute to the function of superoxide dismutase, which is vital for the integrity of macrophage and heterophils that stimulated higher immune response [27]. The results of our study indicated enhanced humoral immune response with Zn (>80 ppm) and CMI by Mn (120 ppm) supplementation in diets at levels higher than NRC [3].…”