Immune signal transduction in leishmaniasis from natural to artificial systems: Role of feedback loop insertion

Mol, Milsee; Patole, Milind S.; Singh, Shailza

doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.08.018

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Taken together, these evidences highlight the importance of IFN-γ and TNF-α for Leishmania control and their lack of presence in DCL patients that could ultimately be responsible for the uncontrolled parasite spread. The protective effect of IFN-γ is achieved through various mechanisms: 1) by induction of the expression of NO synthase 2 (NOS2) gene; 2) favoring a Th1 polarization of CD4 + T cells (thereby guaranteeing further IFN-γ production); and 3) by inducing maturation of dendritic cells and their migration to lymph nodes [ 6 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also inhibits STAT-1 and AP-1 activity [ 43 ]. Moreover, Leishmania LPG binding to TLR2 can induce the expression and activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A that inactivates TLR cytoplasmic adaptor proteins (IRAK-1, MAPKs, and IκB), thereby leading to tolerance [ 31 ]. All, indicating that the parasite has developed complex evasion strategies that can inhibit critical effector mechanisms of the immune response, the impact of which requires to be analyzed in the human host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Down-Regulation of TLR and JAK/STAT Pathway Genes Is Associated with Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Gene Expression Analysis in NK Cells from Patients Infected with Leishmania mexicana

et al. 2016

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An important NK-cell inhibition with reduced TNF-α, IFN-γ and TLR2 expression had previously been identified in patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) infected with Leishmania mexicana. In an attempt to pinpoint alterations in the signaling pathways responsible for the NK-cell dysfunction in patients with DCL, this study aimed at identifying differences in the NK-cell response towards Leishmania mexicana lipophosphoglycan (LPG) between patients with localized and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis through gene expression profiling. Our results indicate that important genes involved in the innate immune response to Leishmania are down-regulated in NK cells from DCL patients, particularly TLR and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. This down-regulation showed to be independent of LPG stimulation. The study sheds new light for understanding the mechanisms that undermine the correct effector functions of NK cells in patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis contributing to a better understanding of the pathobiology of leishmaniasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Down-Regulation of TLR and JAK/STAT Pathway Genes Is Associated with Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Gene Expression Analysis in NK Cells from Patients Infected with Leishmania mexicana

et al. 2016

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“…Leishmanial parasites are capable of modulating the human immune system for their survival. They also modify the self-healing cutaneous lesions to fatal conditions 5,6 . And some species of leishmaniasis are becoming virulent and drug resistant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Feed Forward MultiLayer Perceptron Model For Genetic Dataset in Leishmaniasis Using Cognitive Computing

Mahalingam

Kabra

Singh

2018

Preprint

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Leishmaniasis is an endemic parasitic disease, predominantly found in the poor locality of Africa, Asia and Latin America. It is associated with malnutrition, weak immune system of people and their housing locality. At present, it is diagnosed by microscopic identification, molecular and biochemical characterisation or serum analysis for parasitic compounds. In this study, we present a new approach for diagnosing Leishmaniasis using cognitive computing. The Genetic datasets of leishmaniasis are collected from Gene Expression Omnibus database and it's then processed. The algorithm for training and developing a model, based on the data is prepared and coded using python. The algorithm and their corresponding datasets are integrated using TensorFlow dataframe. A feed forward Artificial Neural Network trained model with multi-layer perceptron is developed as a diagnosing model for Leishmaniasis, using genetic dataset. It is developed using recurrent neural network. The cognitive model of the trained network is interpreted using the maps and mathematical formula of the influencing parameters. The credit of the system is measured using the accuracy, loss and error of the system. This integrated system of the leishmaniasis genetic dataset and neural network proved to be the good choice for diagnosis with higher accuracy and lower error. Through this approach, all records of the data are effectively incorporated into the system. The experimental results of feed forward multilayer perceptron model after normalization; mean square error (219.84), loss function (1.94) and accuracy (85.71%) of the model, shows good fit of model with the process and it could possibly serve as a better solution for diagnosing Leishmaniasis in future, using genetic datasets.The code is available in Github repository: https://github.com/shailzasingh/Machine-Learning-code-for-analyzing-genetic-dataset-in-Leishmaniasis

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“…Under conditions that continue to be investigated, infected cells are induced to release mediators some of which can promote parasite persistence, whereas others contribute to the control of infection. A few recent reviews have discussed our current understanding of the role of several protein kinases, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), kinases in the PI3-kinase signaling pathway, and kinases in the NF-κB-signaling pathway ( 2 – 5 ), in the transformation of infected cells. In this review, the current understanding of the role of the Abl family of protein kinases that play an early role in transduction of signals will be discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania Infection Engages Non-Receptor Protein Kinases Differentially to Persist in Infected Hosts

Zhang

Kima

2016

Front. Immunol.

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Protein kinases play important roles in the regulation of cellular activities. In cells infected by pathogens, there is an increasing appreciation that dysregulated expression of protein kinases promotes the success of intracellular infections. In Leishmania-infected cells, expression and activation of protein kinases, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases, kinases in the PI3-kinase signaling pathway, and kinases in the NF-κB-signaling pathway, are modulated in some manner. Several recent reviews have discussed our current understanding of the roles of these kinases in Leishmania infections. Apart from the kinases in the pathways enumerated above, there are other host cell protein kinases that are activated during the Leishmania infection of mammalian cells whose roles also appear to be significant. This review discusses recent observations on the Abl family of protein kinases and the protein kinase regulated by RNA in Leishmania infections.

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Immune signal transduction in leishmaniasis from natural to artificial systems: Role of feedback loop insertion

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Down-Regulation of TLR and JAK/STAT Pathway Genes Is Associated with Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Gene Expression Analysis in NK Cells from Patients Infected with Leishmania mexicana

Down-Regulation of TLR and JAK/STAT Pathway Genes Is Associated with Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Gene Expression Analysis in NK Cells from Patients Infected with Leishmania mexicana

Construction of Feed Forward MultiLayer Perceptron Model For Genetic Dataset in Leishmaniasis Using Cognitive Computing

Leishmania Infection Engages Non-Receptor Protein Kinases Differentially to Persist in Infected Hosts

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