Immune Responses to Measles and Measles Vaccine: Challenges for Measles Control

Moss, William J.; Polack, Fernando P.

doi:10.1089/08828240152716556

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Although it is considered as one of the deadliest of all childhood fever/rash illness, it can be preventable by Measles Containing Vaccine (MCV), including measles vaccine, measles-rubella combined live attenuated vaccine and measles-mumps-rubella combined live attenuated vaccine. About 95% of single-dose recipients are considered to develop protective immunity against measles virus [1]. However, the remaining 5% of susceptible population is sufficient to sustain a measles outbreak, which is why many countries applied the two-dose MCV vaccination schedule in order to maintain a high level of vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timeliness Vaccination of Measles Containing Vaccine and Barriers to Vaccination among Migrant Children in East China

Luo³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe reported coverage rates of first and second doses of measles containing vaccine (MCV) are almost 95% in China, while measles cases are constantly being reported. This study evaluated the vaccine coverage, timeliness, and barriers to immunization of MCV1 and MCV2 in children aged from 8–48 months.MethodsWe assessed 718 children aged 8–48 months, of which 499 children aged 18–48 months in September 2011. Face to face interviews were administered with children’s mothers to estimate MCV1 and MCV2 coverage rate, its timeliness and barriers to vaccine uptake.ResultsThe coverage rates were 76.9% for MCV1 and 44.7% for MCV2 in average. Only 47.5% of surveyed children received the MCV1 timely, which postpone vaccination by up to one month beyond the stipulated age of 8 months. Even if coverage thus improves with time, postponed vaccination adds to the pool of unprotected children in the population. Being unaware of the necessity for vaccination and its schedule, misunderstanding of side-effect of vaccine, and child being sick during the recommended vaccination period were significant preventive factors for both MCV1 and MCV2 vaccination. Having multiple children, mother’s education level, household income and children with working mothers were significantly associated with delayed or missing MCV1 immunization.ConclusionsTo avoid future outbreaks, it is crucial to attain high coverage levels by timely vaccination, thus, accurate information should be delivered and a systematic approach should be targeted to high-risk groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timeliness Vaccination of Measles Containing Vaccine and Barriers to Vaccination among Migrant Children in East China

Luo³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…However, there is need to carry out a follow up evaluation survey to assess the impact of the measles vaccination conducted in 2001 on measles morbidity and mortality in the pilot sites before contemplating on changing the current immunisation schedules in Tanzania. The reason for this viewpoint is that the optimal age for measles vaccination has been a subject for debate among vaccine experts for many years (1,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The recommended optimal age for measles vaccination in Tanzania has been 9 months for many years (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of measles in Tanzania: A hospital-based survey of measles morbidity and mortality

Mnyika

Akim

2007

East Afr. J. Pub. Health

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Objective: To estimate measles morbidity and mortality in selected regions on mainland Tanzania Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Hospital-based review of existing records on measles morbidity and mortality in the selected district hospitals on mainland Tanzania. Methods: Review of records on measles morbidity and mortality was performed using a standard instrument adopted from the Ministry of Health. The instrument was pre-tested before use. Researchers were recruited from the Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences and were trained on how to collect data from the hospital records. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ministry of Health in Dar es Salaam. Upon arrival in the respective regions, the researchers recruited and trained local research assistants on methods of data collection. Completed questionnaire forms were entered into a computer and data cleaning was done before data analysis. Results: Measles was found to occur in individuals of over 15 years of age and beyond. Overall 35% (N=2277) of all measles cases were reported from the Iringa region while Mara region had the lowest number of cases. On the other hand Shinyanga had the highest case fatality rate (6%) compared with other regions. Mortality was higher in children below two years of age and among individuals who had no history of measles vaccination. Conclusion: We conclude that despite high measles vaccination coverage, measles is still a public health problem in Tanzania. Efforts should be made to give several booster doses up to the age of 15 years.

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“…As a result, the number of cases of acute MV plummeted 98% in the United States after introduction of the vaccine. Bearing this effectiveness in mind, there are, however, a number of less optimal characteristics of the vaccine that have spurred a recent renewal in pursuit of alternatives (70). First, the vaccine is a live, attenuated virus and thus requires constant refrigeration to preserve potency (the "cold chain").…”

Section: Measles Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Virus 1998–2002: Progress and Controversy

Rall

2003

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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Despite the extensive media exposure that viruses such as West Nile, Norwalk, and Ebola have received lately, and the emerging threat that old pathogens may reappear as new agents of terrorism, measles virus (MV) persists as one of the leading causes of death by infectious agents worldwide, approaching the annual mortality rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. For most MV victims, fatality is indirect: Virus-induced transient immunosuppression predisposes the individual to opportunistic infections that, left untreated, can result in mortality. In rare cases, MV may also cause progressive neurodegenerative disease. During the past five years (1998-2002), development of animal models and the application of reverse genetics and immunological assays have collectively contributed to major progress in our understanding of MV biology and pathogenesis. Nevertheless, questions and controversies remain that are the basis for future research. In this review, major advances and current debates are discussed, including MV receptor usage, the cellular basis of immunosuppression, the suspected role of MV in "nonviral" diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Paget's disease, and the controversy surrounding MV vaccine safety.

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Immune Responses to Measles and Measles Vaccine: Challenges for Measles Control

Cited by 26 publications

References 97 publications

Timeliness Vaccination of Measles Containing Vaccine and Barriers to Vaccination among Migrant Children in East China

Timeliness Vaccination of Measles Containing Vaccine and Barriers to Vaccination among Migrant Children in East China

Epidemiology of measles in Tanzania: A hospital-based survey of measles morbidity and mortality

Measles Virus 1998–2002: Progress and Controversy

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