Immune Responses to Helminth Infection

Babu, Subash; Nutman, Thomas B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00031-4

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…10,30,31 Strongyloides-specific IgE antibodies can remain in patient serum for years, indicating the presence of long-lived memory B cells or plasma cells. 32 The level of IgE antibodies seemed to depend on whether the infection is active. Albendazole treatment in children every 2 months for over a year is associated with a significant reduction in total IgE levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Potential of an IgE-ELISA in Detecting Strongyloidiasis

Ahmad

Balachandra

Arifin

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Strongyloides stercoralis infection is prevalent worldwide and can cause lifelong infection in immunocompetent individuals, and potentially death in immunosuppressed patients. The diagnosis is hindered by the low sensitivity of microscopic examination, thus making serology an important complementary test to improve the detection rate. However, there were reports that some Strongyloides-infected individuals were negative with specific IgG and IgG4 assays, and other helminth infections were positive with commercial Strongyloides IgG-ELISAs. Thus, there is a need to develop better serodiagnostic methods for strongyloidiasis. We investigated the diagnostic potential of IgE-ELISAs using Strongyloides larval lysate. Sera from two groups infected with Strongyloides served as the positive reference, that is, 1) positive by commercial IgG-ELISAs and IgG4 rapid test, and stool samples positive by microscopy and/or PCR (group IA; n = 20); and 2) negative by IgG-ELISAs and IgG4 rapid test, but stool samples were PCR positive (group IB sera; n = 11). Sera from another two groups served as negative reference (controls), that is, 1) infected with other parasites (group II; n = 73) and 2) healthy donors (group III; n = 22). Results showed a 100% diagnostic sensitivity in detecting sera from groups IA and IB. The latter group of individuals probably had early infection because their IgG and IgG4 assays were negative. The optical density values of group IB sera were also significantly lower than those of group IA (P < 0.003). The IgE-ELISA was 100% specific when tested against sera from groups II and III. This study highlights the diagnostic potential of IgE-ELISA using larval lysate to detect strongyloidiasis, especially those with probable early infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Potential of an IgE-ELISA in Detecting Strongyloidiasis

Ahmad

Balachandra

Arifin

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Our study provides a quantitative explanation of how key immune variables interact, their degree of interaction and the consequences for helminth dynamics in single and dual infections. Type 2 immune pathways have been described in a number of host-helminth systems, and details are available on the contribution of critical constituents [29,30,47]. We simplified the immune network by focusing on IL4 and IgA, and we were able to capture their fundamental signals and outcomes during the phases of detection, induction and expulsion of the infection process.…”

Section: Plos Computational Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-host mechanisms of immune regulation explain the contrasting dynamics of two helminth species in both single and dual infections

et al. 2020

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Variation in the intensity and duration of infections is often driven by variation in the network and strength of host immune responses. While many of the immune mechanisms and components are known for parasitic helminths, how these relationships change from single to multiple infections and impact helminth dynamics remains largely unclear. Here, we used laboratory data from a rabbit-helminth system and developed a within-host model of infection to investigate different scenarios of immune regulation in rabbits infected with one or two helminth species. Model selection suggests that the immunological pathways activated against Trichostrongylus retortaeformis and Graphidium strigosum are similar. However, differences in the strength of these immune signals lead to the contrasting dynamics of infections, where the first parasite is rapidly cleared and the latter persists with high intensities. In addition to the reactions identified in single infections, rabbits with both helminths also activate new pathways that asymmetrically affect the dynamics of the two species. These new signals alter the intensities but not the general trend of the infections. The type of interactions described can be expected in many other host-helminth systems. Our immune framework is flexible enough to capture different mechanisms and their complexity, and provides essential insights to the understanding of multi-helminth infections.

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“…Currently, more than 2 billion people worldwide are infected by helminth parasites, which are responsible for a wide variety of diseases that affect both animals and humans 1,2 . Helminth parasites are characterized by their ability to infect and survive for long periods of time within their hosts 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Resiniferatoxin promotes adult worm expulsion in Trichinella spiralis‐infected rats by Th2 immune response modulation

Muñoz‐Carrillo

Gutiérrez-Coronado

Muñoz-Escobedo

et al. 2021

Parasite Immunology

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Currently, more than 2 billion people worldwide are infected by helminth parasites, which are responsible for a wide variety of diseases that affect both animals and humans. 1,2 Helminth parasites are characterized by their ability to infect and survive for long periods of time within their hosts. 3,4 In order to maintain their life cycle, they subvert the immune response, causing chronic infections that have an important impact on the health of the host. 5 The nematodes belonging to the Trichinella genus cause the human parasitic zoonotic disease, trichinellosis. Trichinellosis ranks seventh among the ten food-borne parasites and endangers the health of a million people worldwide. 6 T spiralis is a helminth parasite that colonizes the small intestine epithelium of the host during the intestinal phase of

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Immune Responses to Helminth Infection

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Diagnostic Potential of an IgE-ELISA in Detecting Strongyloidiasis

Diagnostic Potential of an IgE-ELISA in Detecting Strongyloidiasis

Within-host mechanisms of immune regulation explain the contrasting dynamics of two helminth species in both single and dual infections

Resiniferatoxin promotes adult worm expulsion in Trichinella spiralis‐infected rats by Th2 immune response modulation

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