Immune Responses in Pigs Vaccinated with Adjuvanted and Non-Adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm/09 Influenza Vaccines Used in Human Immunization Programmes

Lefèvre, Eric A.; Carr, B. Veronica; Inman, Charlotte; Prentice, Helen; Brown, Ian H.; Brookes, Sharon M.; Garçon, Fanny; Hill, Michelle L.; Iqbal, Munir; Elderfield, Ruth A.; Barclay, William; Gubbins, Simon; Bailey, Mick; Charleston, Bryan; Cosi,

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032400

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Pigs have also been used to test influenza vaccines 3 and have the advantage that there is no shortage of supply, reagents are available for T cell analysis, and they can be infected with viruses of many different subtypes as both α‐2,3‐ and α‐2,6‐galactose sialic acid linkages are present on cells lining the pig trachea, 4 which provides an opportunity to study heterosubtypic protection induced by vaccination. A recent comparison of pandemic H1N1 vaccines in pigs 5 produced data that were in close agreement with a similar study in humans, 6 providing further support for the greater use of this model in future. However all of these models have the disadvantage that they cannot mimic the complex immune memory to influenza A virus found in humans after a lifetime of repeated exposures, and the results of experimental studies must be interpreted with this in mind.…”

Section: Animal Models For Testing Candidate Influenza Vaccinessupporting

confidence: 72%

Advances in the development of universal influenza vaccines

Gilbert¹

2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Sarah C. Gilbert. (2012) Advances in the development of universal influenza vaccines. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI:10.1111/irv.12013. Despite the widespread availability and use of influenza vaccines, influenza still poses a considerable threat to public health. Vaccines against seasonal influenza do not offer protection against pandemic viruses, and vaccine efficacy against seasonal viruses is reduced in seasons when the vaccine composition is not a good match for the predominant circulating viruses. Vaccine efficacy is also reduced in older adults, who are one of the main target groups for vaccination. The continual threat of pandemic influenza, with the known potential for rapid spread around the world and high mortality rates, has prompted researchers to develop a number of novel approaches to providing immunity to this virus, focusing on target antigens which are highly conserved between different influenza A virus subtypes. Several of these have now been taken into clinical development, and this review discusses the progress that has been made, as well as considering the requirements for licensing these new vaccines and how they might be used in the future.

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Section: Animal Models For Testing Candidate Influenza Vaccinessupporting

confidence: 72%

Advances in the development of universal influenza vaccines

Gilbert¹

2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Results shown are the mean of all individuals in each of the groups ± standard deviation. Serum from pigs immunized with commercial A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine Pandemrix (GSK) and challenged with A/England/195/09 (pdmH1N1) virus as previously described [ 11 ] was used as a positive control and gave a titer of 2048.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza virus specific antibody (Ab) titres in serum and BAL fluid were determined by HAI using standard protocols [ 11 ]. Briefly, H1N1 HAI antibody titres were determined using 0.5% chicken red blood cells and A/Sw/Eng/1353/09 live antigen at a concentration of 4 HA units/mL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct immune responses and virus shedding in pigs following aerosol, intra-nasal and contact infection with pandemic swine influenza A virus, A(H1N1)09

Hemmink

Morgan

Aramouni

et al. 2016

Vet Res

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Influenza virus infection in pigs is a major farming problem, causing considerable economic loss and posing a zoonotic threat. In addition the pig is an excellent model for understanding immunity to influenza viruses as this is a natural host pathogen system. Experimentally, influenza virus is delivered to pigs intra-nasally, by intra-tracheal instillation or by aerosol, but there is little data comparing the outcome of different methods. We evaluated the shedding pattern, cytokine responses in nasal swabs and immune responses following delivery of low or high dose swine influenza pdmH1N1 virus to the respiratory tract of pigs intra-nasally or by aerosol and compared them to those induced in naturally infected contact pigs. Our data shows that natural infection by contact induces remarkably high innate and adaptive immune response, although the animals were exposed to a very low virus dose. In contacts, the kinetics of virus shedding were slow and prolonged and more similar to the low dose directly infected animals. In contrast the cytokine profile in nasal swabs, antibody and cellular immune responses of contacts more closely resemble immune responses in high dose directly inoculated animals. Consideration of these differences is important for studies of disease pathogenesis and assessment of vaccine protective efficacy.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-016-0390-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…A FLUAVsw-specific proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from blood has been reported following infection of pigs with H3N2 and H1N1 FLUAVsw strains [ 7 - 9 ]. One study demonstrated the proliferation of blood-derived CD4 + and CD8 + T cells following vaccination with a human pandemic H1N1 vaccine [ 10 ]. Also, the presence of H1N1-specific IFN-γ producing T cells in tracheobronchial lymph nodes, spleen and nasal mucosa has been described [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnitude and kinetics of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8β+ T cells in pigs infected with swine influenza A virus

Talker

Koinig

Stadler

et al. 2015

Vet Res

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Although swine are natural hosts for influenza A viruses, the porcine T-cell response to swine influenza A virus (FLUAVsw) infection has been poorly characterized so far. We have studied Ki-67 expression and FLUAVsw-specific production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 in CD4+ and CD8β+ T cells isolated from piglets that had been intratracheally infected with a H1N2 FLUAVsw isolate. IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+ multifunctional CD4+ T cells were present in the blood of all infected animals at one or two weeks after primary infection and their frequency increased in four out of six animals after homologous secondary infection. These cells produced higher amounts of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 than did CD4+ T cells that only produced a single cytokine. The vast majority of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells expressed CD8α, a marker associated with activation and memory formation in porcine CD4+ T cells. Analysis of CD27 expression suggested that FLUAVsw-specific CD4+ T cells included both central memory and effector memory populations. Three out of six animals showed a strong increase of Ki-67+perforin+ CD8β+ T cells in blood one week post infection. Blood-derived FLUAVsw-specific CD8β+ T cells could be identified after an in vitro expansion phase and were multifunctional in terms of CD107a expression and co-production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. These data show that multifunctional T cells are generated in response to FLUAVsw infection of pigs, supporting the idea that T cells contribute to the efficient control of infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0182-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Immune Responses in Pigs Vaccinated with Adjuvanted and Non-Adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm/09 Influenza Vaccines Used in Human Immunization Programmes

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Advances in the development of universal influenza vaccines

Advances in the development of universal influenza vaccines

Distinct immune responses and virus shedding in pigs following aerosol, intra-nasal and contact infection with pandemic swine influenza A virus, A(H1N1)09

Magnitude and kinetics of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8β+ T cells in pigs infected with swine influenza A virus

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